1.
Arab and Islamic Studies - LibGuides at University of Exeter. http://libguides.exeter.ac.uk/ArabandIslamicHomePage.
2.
Joseph Sassoon. Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics. (Cambridge University Press, 2016).
3.
Marc Lynch (ed.). The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. vol. Columbia Studies in Middle East Politics (Columbia University Press, 2014).
4.
Farhad Kazemi, Augustus Richard Norton. ‘Hardliners and Softliners in the Middle East: Problems of Governance and the Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems’. in Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East 69–89 (University of Notre Dame Press, 2000).
5.
Philippe C. Schmitter. ‘Twenty-Five Years, Fifteen Findings’. Journal of Democracy 21, 17–28 (2010).
6.
Francesco Cavatorta & Vincent Durac. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics (Routledge, 2011).
7.
Guillermo O’Donnell & Philippe C. Schmitter. ‘Negotiating (and Renegotiating) Pacts’. in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies 37–47 (John Hopkins University Press, 1986).
8.
Guillermo O’Donnell & Philippe C. Schmitter. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. (John Hopkins University Press, 1986).
9.
Kenneth Perkins. A History of Modern Tunisia. (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
10.
Nouri Gana (ed.). The Making of the Tunisian Revolution: Contexts, Architects, Prospects. (Edinburgh University Press, 2013).
11.
Kristina Kausch. Tunisia: The Life of Others (FRIDE Working Paper 85). (2009).
12.
Pargeter, A. Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution. in North African Politics: Change and Continuity 178–195 (Routledge, 2016).
13.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.). Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. (Routledge, 2013).
14.
Pargeter, A. Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution. in North African Politics: Change and Continuity 178–195 (Routledge, 2016).
15.
James D. Le Sueur. Algeria Since 1989: Between Terror and Democracy. (Zed Books, 2010).
16.
Francesco Cavatorta & Vincent Durac. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics (Routledge, 2011).
17.
Marc Lynch (ed.). The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. vol. Columbia Studies in Middle East Politics (Columbia University Press, 2014).
18.
Farhad Kazemi, Augustus Richard Norton. ‘Hardliners and Softliners in the Middle East: Problems of Governance and the Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems’. in Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East 69–89 (University of Notre Dame Press, 2000).
19.
Philippe C. Schmitter. ‘Twenty-Five Years, Fifteen Findings’. Journal of Democracy 21, 17–28 (2010).
20.
Francesco Cavatorta & Vincent Durac. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics (Routledge, 2011).
21.
Guillermo O’Donnell & Philippe C. Schmitter. ‘Negotiating (and Renegotiating) Pacts’. in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies 37–47 (John Hopkins University Press, 1986).
22.
Guillermo O’Donnell & Philippe C. Schmitter. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. (John Hopkins University Press, 1986).
23.
Bernard Rougier & Stephane Lacroix (eds). Egypt’s Revolutions: Politics, Religion, and Social Movements. vol. The Sciences Po series in international relations and political economy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
24.
Pargeter, A. Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution. in North African Politics: Change and Continuity 178–195 (Routledge, 2016).
25.
Lisa Blaydes. Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt. (Cambridge University Press, 2011).
26.
Samer S. Shehata (ed.). Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change. (Routledge, 2012).
27.
Boukhars, A. Chapter 5: Islamists and realpolitik. in Politics in Morocco: Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics 107–129 (Routledge, 2011).
28.
Francesco Cavatorta & Vincent Durac. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics (Routledge, 2011).
29.
Boukhars, A. Chapter 5: Islamists and realpolitik. in Politics in Morocco: Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics 107–129 (Routledge, 2011).
30.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.). Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. (Routledge, 2013).
31.
Robert O. Collins. ‘The islamist revolution: The Turabi years, 1989-1996’. in A History of Modern Sudan 185–217 (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
32.
Robert O. Collins. A History of Modern Sudan. (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
33.
Jort Hemmer. Ticking the Box: Elections in Sudan. (2009).
34.
Robert O. Collins. A History of Modern Sudan. (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
35.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.). Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. (Routledge, 2013).
36.
Pargeter, A. Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution. in North African Politics: Change and Continuity 178–195 (Routledge, 2016).
37.
von Weitershausen, I. Chapter 6: Foreign Engagement in Contentious Politics: Europe and the 2011 Uprisings in Libya. in Contentious Politics in the Middle East: Popular Resistance and Marginalized Activism Beyond the Arab Uprisings vol. Middle East today 155–168 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
38.
Luis Martínez. ‘Is the Jamahiriya reformable?’ in The Libyan Paradox vol. CERI series in comparative politics and international studies 117–151 (Hurst & Company, 2007).
39.
Luis Martínez. The Libyan Paradox. vol. CERI series in comparative politics and international studies (Hurst & Company, 2007).
40.
Vandewalle, D. A History of Modern Libya. (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
41.
Amal S. M. Obeidi. ‘Political Elites in Libya since 1969’. in Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited 105–126 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
42.
Dirk J. Vandewalle (ed.). Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
43.
Herb, M. Chapter 1: Introduction. in All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern Monarchies 1–19 (State University of New York Press, 1997).
44.
Davidson, C. M. After the Sheikhs: The Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies. (Hurst, 2012).
45.
Owen, R. The Rise and Fall of Arab Presidents for Life: With a New Afterword. (Harvard University Press, 2014).
46.
Valeri, M. Simmering Unrest and Succession Challenges in Oman. (2015).
47.
Beblawi, H. Chapter 2: ‘The Rentier State in the Arab World’. in The Rentier State (eds. Beblawi, H. & Luciani, G.) vol. volume 19 49–62 (Routledge, 2016).
48.
Matthiesen, T. Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring that Wasn’t. (Stanford University Press, 2013).
49.
Brownlee, B. J. & Ghiabi, M. ‘Passive, Silent and Revolutionary: The “Arab Spring” Revisited’. Middle East Critique 25, 299–316 (2016).
50.
Goldstone, J. A. Chapter 1: What is a Revolution? in Revolutions: A Very Short Introduction 1–9 (Oxford University Press, 2014).
51.
Lisa Blaydes. Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt. (Cambridge University Press, 2011).
52.
Anouar Boukhars. Politics in Morocco: Executive Monarchy and Enlightened Authoritarianism. vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics (Routledge, 2011).
53.
Francesco Cavatorta & Vincent Durac. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World: The Dynamics of Activism. vol. Routledge studies in Middle Eastern politics (Routledge, 2011).
54.
Robert O. Collins. ‘The islamist revolution: The Turabi years, 1989-1996’. in A History of Modern Sudan 185–217 (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
55.
Robert O. Collins. A History of Modern Sudan. (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
56.
Nouri Gana (ed.). The Making of the Tunisian Revolution: Contexts, Architects, Prospects. (Edinburgh University Press, 2013).
57.
von Weitershausen, I. Chapter 6: Foreign Engagement in Contentious Politics: Europe and the 2011 Uprisings in Libya. in Contentious Politics in the Middle East: Popular Resistance and Marginalized Activism Beyond the Arab Uprisings vol. Middle East today 155–168 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
58.
Jort Hemmer. Ticking the Box: Elections in Sudan. (2009).
59.
Kristina  Kausch. Tunisia: The Life of Others (FRIDE Working Paper 85). (2009).
60.
Farhad Kazemi, Augustus Richard Norton. ‘Hardliners and Softliners in the Middle East: Problems of Governance and the Prospects for Liberalization in Authoritarian Political Systems’. in Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East 69–89 (University of Notre Dame Press, 2000).
61.
Ricardo René Larémont (ed.). Revolution, Revolt, and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond. (Routledge, 2013).
62.
Marc Lynch (ed.). The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East. vol. Columbia Studies in Middle East Politics (Columbia University Press, 2014).
63.
Luis Martínez. ‘Is the Jamahiriya reformable?’ in The Libyan Paradox vol. CERI series in comparative politics and international studies 117–151 (Hurst & Company, 2007).
64.
Luis Martínez. The Libyan Paradox. vol. CERI series in comparative politics and international studies (Hurst & Company, 2007).
65.
Guillermo O’Donnell & Philippe C. Schmitter. ‘Negotiating (and Renegotiating) Pacts’. in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies 37–47 (John Hopkins University Press, 1986).
66.
Guillermo O’Donnell & Philippe C. Schmitter. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. (John Hopkins University Press, 1986).
67.
Kenneth Perkins. A History of Modern Tunisia. (Cambridge University Press, 2013).
68.
Bernard Rougier & Stephane Lacroix (eds). Egypt’s Revolutions: Politics, Religion, and Social Movements. vol. The Sciences Po series in international relations and political economy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
69.
Joseph Sassoon. Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics. (Cambridge University Press, 2016).
70.
Philippe Schmitter. ‘Twenty-Five Years, Fifteen Findings’. Journal of democracy 21, 17–28 (2010).
71.
Samer S. Shehata (ed.). Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change. (Routledge, 2012).
72.
James D. Le Sueur. Algeria Since 1989: Between Terror and Democracy. (Zed Books, 2010).
73.
Amal S. M. Obeidi. ‘Political Elites in Libya since 1969’. in Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited 105–126 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
74.
Dirk J. Vandewalle (ed.). Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi’s Revolution Revisited. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
75.
Dirk Vandewalle. A History of Modern Libya. (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
76.
Pargeter, A. Chapter 11: Libya: From Reform to Revolution. in North African Politics: Change and Continuity 178–195 (Routledge, 2016).