Bibliography for ARAM054/POLM651 | University of Exeter

Abdel-Malek, Kamal, and David C. Jacobson. ‘’The Advances the Limits of the Israelization of Israel‘s Palestinian Citizens’’. Israeli and Palestinian Identities in History and Literature. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999. Print.

Abdelrahman, Maha. ‘“Policing Neoliberalism in Egypt: The Continuing Rise of the ‘Securocratic’ State”’. Third World Quarterly 38.1 (2017): 185–202. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01436597.2015.1133246>.

Abdelrahman, Maha M. Civil Society Exposed: The Politics of NGOs in Egypt. Vol. 40. London: Tauris Academic, 2004. Print.

‘Above the State: The Officers’ Republic in Egypt - Carnegie Middle East Center - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://carnegie-mec.org/2012/08/01/above-state-officers-republic-in-egypt-pub-48972>.

Abrahamian, Ervand. Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1993. Web. <http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6c6006wp;query=;brand=eschol>.

---. Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1993. Web. <http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6c6006wp;query=;brand=eschol>.

Abrams, P. ‘“Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State (1977)”’. Journal of Historical Sociology 1.1 (1988): 58–89. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6443.1988.tb00004.x>.

Abū Ḥusayn, Ḥusayn, and Fiona McKay. Access Denied: Palestinian Land Rights in Israel. London: Zed, 2003. Print.

Abu-Nimer, Mohammed. ‘“Non-Violent Resistance in the Arab World: The Demythologizing of Essentialist Myths about Arab Societies”’. The Arab World Geographer 14.2 (2011): 153–159. Web. <http://readinglists.exeter.ac.uk/Resource List Odd Links/ARAM054/arwg.14.2.pdf>.

Afary, Janet. Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815249>.

---. Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815249>.

Afkhami, Mahnaz, and Erika Friedl. Muslim Women and the Politics of Participation: Implementing the Beijing Platform. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1997. Print.

al-Husseini, Jalal. ‘“UNRWA and the Palestinian Nation-Building Process”’. Journal of Palestine Studies 29.2 (2000): 51–64. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.2676536&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

al-Khafaiji, Isam. ‘“War as a Vehicle for the Rise and Demise of a State-Controlled Society: The Case of Ba’thist Iraq”’. War, Institutions, and Social Change in the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991015495659707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Al-Ali, Nadje Sadig. Iraqi Women: Untold Stories from 1948 to the Present. London: Zed, 2007. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9781848131064>.

Alexander, Christopher. ‘“Back from the Democratic Brink: Authoritarianism and Civil Society in Tunisia”’. Middle East Report 205 (1997): 34–38. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3013093&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“Opportunities, Organizations, and Ideas: Islamists and Workers in Tunisia and Algeria”’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 32.4 (2000): 465–490. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.259421&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Al-Sayyid, Mustapha K. ‘“A Civil Society in Egypt?”’ Middle East 47.2 (1993): 228–242. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.4328569&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Amenta, Edwin, Kate Nash, and Alan Scott. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781444355093>.

Amin, Samir. ‘“The Rise of Ethnicity: A Political Response to Economic Globalization”’. Capitalism in the Age of Globalization: The Management of Contemporary Society. London: Zed, 1997. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a63605ab-9515-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Anceschi, Luca, Gennaro Gervasio, and Andrea Teti. Informal Power in the Greater Middle East: Hidden Geographies. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014. Web. <http://www.taylorfrancis.com/start-session?idp=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.exeter.ac.uk%2Fidp%2Fshibboleth&redirectUri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2F9781315818306>.

Anderson, Benedict R. O’G. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. 2nd ed. London: Verso, 2006. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01609>.

Anderson, Ewan W., Liam D. Anderson, and Ian M. Cool. An Atlas of Middle Eastern Affairs. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.

Anderson, Lisa. ‘“Absolutism and the Resilience of Monarchy in the Middle East”’. Political Science Quarterly 106.1 (1991): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA134820&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Anouar, Abdel-Malek. ‘“Orientalism in Crisis”’. Diogenes 44 (1963): 103–140. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a4c4035a-1c14-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Ansari, Ali M. Iran, Islam, and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change. 2nd edition. London: Chatham House, 2006. Print.

‘Arab and Islamic Studies - LibGuides at University of Exeter’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://libguides.exeter.ac.uk/ArabandIslamicHomePage>.

‘Arab Studies Quarterly’. (1979): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012473539707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Arjomand, Said Amir. The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?authtype=ip,uid&direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=143654&site=ehost-live>.

Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2003. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=5406373>.

Avci, Yasemin. ‘“The Application of in the Desert: The Bedouins and the Creation of a New Town in Southern Palestine (1860–1914)”’. Middle Eastern Studies 45.6 (2009): 969–983. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edswss&AN=000274280800007&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Avineri, Shlomo. The Making of Modern Zionism: The Intellectual Origins of the Jewish State. New York: Basic Books, 1981. Print.

Ayubi, Nazih N. Over-Stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris, 1995. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9786000018894>.

Bahramitash, Roksana. ‘“The War on Terror, Feminist Orientalism and Orientalist Feminism: Case Studies of Two North American Bestsellers”’. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 14.2 (2005): 221–235. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10669920500135512>.

Bahramitash, Roksana, and Hadi Esfahani Salehi. ‘“Nimble Fingers No Longer! Women’s Employment in Iran”’. Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society, Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 77–122. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000963119707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Bakhash, Shaul. The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution. London: I.B. Tauris, 1985. Print.

Balibar, Étienne, and Immanuel Wallerstein. ‘“The Nation Form: History and Ideology”’. Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. London: Verso, 1991. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9e650c98-7b15-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Baram, Amatzia. ‘“Neo-Tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussein’s Tribal Policies 1991-96”’. International Journal of Middle East 29.1 (1997): 1–31. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.163849&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Bareed Mista3jil: True Stories. Beirut: Meem, 2009. Print.

Batatu, Hanna. Syria’s Peasantry, The Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt12f49j>.

---. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq’s Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of Its Communists, Baʻthists, and Free Officers. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00859>.

Bayat, Asef. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. 2nd ed. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2013. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=1175179>.

---. ‘“The Coming of a post‐Islamist Society”’. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 5.9 (1996): 43–52. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10669929608720091>.

---. ‘“Un-Civil Society: The Politics of the ‘Informal People’”’. Third World Quarterly 18.1 (1997): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/openurl?issn=01436597&date=1997&volume=18&issue=i&spage=53>.

Bayat, Assef. Street Politics: Poor People’s Movements in Iran. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Print.

Baylouny, Anne Marie. ‘“Hizbullah’s Women: Internal Transformation in a Social Movement and Militia”’. Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Joel Beinin and Frédéric Vairel. Second edition. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2013. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1324244>.

Beinin, Joel. ‘“Political Islam and the New Global Economy: The Political Economy of an Egyptian Social Movement”’. CR: The New Centennial Review 5.1 (2005): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41949469?>.

---. ‘The Middle East’s Working-Class Revolutions? [In] The Nation’. N.p., 2011. Web. <https://www.thenation.com/article/middle-easts-working-class-revolutions/>.

---. ‘The Militancy of Mahalla Al-Kubra [in] MERIP’. N.p., 2007. Web. <https://merip.org/2007/09/the-militancy-of-mahalla-al-kubra/>.

---. ‘The Rise of Egypt’s Workers - Carnegie Middle East Center - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’. N.p., 2012. Web. <http://carnegie-mec.org/publications/?fa=48689>.

Beinin, Joel, and Hossam El-Hamalawy. ‘Strikes in Egypt Spread from Center of Gravity [in] MERIP’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://merip.org/2007/05/strikes-in-egypt-spread-from-center-of-gravity/>.

Bell, Gawain. Shadows on the Sand: The Memoirs of Sir Gawain Bell. London: Hurst, 1983. Print.

Bellin, Eva. ‘“The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective”’. Comparative Politics 36.2 (2004): 139–157. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.4150140&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Ben Rafael, Eliezer, and Stephen Sharot. Ethnicity, Religion, and Class in Israeli Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511520600>.

Bengio, Ofra. ‘“How Does Saddam Hold On”’. Foreign Affairs 79.4 (2000): 90–1032000. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edshol&AN=edshol.hein.journals.fora79.71&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. Saddam’s Word: The Political Discourse in Iraq. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195114393.001.0001>.

Bengio, Ofra, and Gabriel Ben-Dor. Minorities and the State in the Arab World. Lynne Rienner, 1999. Print.

Benthall, Jonathan, and Jérôme Bellion-Jourdan. The Charitable Crescent: Politics of Aid in the Muslim World. London: I.B. Tauris, 2003. Print.

Billig, Michael. Banal Nationalism. Los Angeles: SAGE, 1995. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9781446264577>.

‘Birzeit University - Guide to Palestinian Web Sites’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://home.birzeit.edu/cds/resource/links.html>.

Blake, Gerald H., John Christopher Dewdney, and Jonathan Mitchell. The Cambridge Atlas of the Middle East and North Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Print.

Blecher, Robert. ‘“Desert Medicine, Ethnography and the Colonial Encounter in Mandatory Syria”’. The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives. v. 93. Leiden: Brill, 2004. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://elibrary.exeter.ac.uk/idp/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9789047402695>.

Blom Hansen, Thomas, and Finn Stepputat. ‘“States of Imagination”’. States of Imagination: Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State. Durham [N.C.]: Duke University Press, 2001. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991005021659707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Booth, Marilyn. ‘“New Directions in Middle East Women’s and Gender History”’. Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 4.1 (2003): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edspmu&AN=edspmu.S1532576803108539&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Boubekeur, Amel. ‘“Rolling Either Way? Algerian Entrepreneurs as Both Agents of Change and Means of Preservation of the System”’. The Journal of North African Studies 18.3 (2013): 469–481. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13629387.2013.775870>.

Boyarin, Daniel. Unheroic Conduct: The Rise of Heterosexuality and the Invention of the Jewish Man. Vol. 8. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Print.

Brand, Laurie A. Palestinians in the Arab World: Institution Building and the Search for State. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. Print.

Brubaker, Rogers, and David D. Laitin. ‘“Ethnic and Nationalist Violence”’. Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1998): 423–452. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/223488>.

Bruinessen, Martin van. Agha, Shaikh and State: On the Social and Political Organization of Kurdistan. Rijswijk: Enroprint/Secondprint, 1978. Print.

Brynen, Rex, Bahgat Korany, and Paul Noble. Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World: Vol.1: Theoretical Perspectives. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995. Print.

Burchell et al., Graham. ‘“Governmentality”’. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=14e4ed50-ce14-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Burgat, François. Face to Face with Political Islam. London: I. B. Tauris, 2003. Print.

Burke III, Edmund. ‘“The First Crisis of Orientalism, 1980-1914”’. Connaissances Du Maghreb: Sciences Sociales et Colonisation. Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1984. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=82457a43-1805-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“The Image of the Moroccan State in French Ethnological Literature: A New Look at the Origin of Lyautey’s Berber Policy”’. Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa. London: Duckworth, 1973. 175–199. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a5975486-1705-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Bush, Ray. ‘“Coalitions for Dispossession and Networks of Resistance? Land, Politics and Agrarian Reform in Egypt”’. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 38.3 (2011): 391–405. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA448705&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Calhoun, Craig. ‘“Nationalism and Ethnicity”’. Annual Review of Sociology 19 (1993): 211–239. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083387?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Cammack, Paul A., David Pool, and William Tordoff. Third World Politics: A Comparative Introduction. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993. Print.

Cammett, MelaniIssar, Sukriti. ‘“Bricks and Mortar Clientelism: Sectarianism and the Logics of Welfare Allocation in Lebanon”’. Cammett, Melani; Issar, Sukriti 62.3 (2010): 381–421201062. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edshol&AN=edshol.hein.journals.wpot62.20&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Cannadine, David. Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire. London: Penguin, 2002. Print.

Carapico, Sheila. Civil Society in Yemen: The Political Economy of Activism in Modern Arabia. Vol. 9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511584893>.

---. ‘“NGOs, INGOs, GO-NGOs and DO-NGOs: Making Sense of Non-Governmental Organizations”’. Middle East Report 30.214 (2000): 12–15. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.1520187&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Casanova, José. Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. Print.

Chalcraft, John. ‘“Engaging the State: Peasants and Petitions in Egypt on the Eve of Colonial Rule”’. International Journal of Middle East 37.3 (2005): 303–325. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.3880103&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Chaliand, Gérard. A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. 2nd ed. London: Zed Books, 1993. Print.

Champagne, Duane, and Ismael Abu-Saad. The Future of Indigenous Peoples: Strategies for Survival and Development. Los Angeles, Calif: UCLA American Indian Studies Center, 2003. Print.

Chatterjee, Partha. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse. London: Zed Books, 1993. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02425>.

---. ‘“Whose Imagined Community?”’ The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993. 3–13. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=aeef3ea0-7c15-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Choueiri, Youssef M. A Companion to the History of the Middle East. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991015496009707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

---. Arab Nationalism: A History: Nation and State in the Arab World. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. Print.

---. ‘“Nationalisms in the Middle East: The Case of Pan-Arabism”’. A Companion to the History of the Middle East. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991015496009707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Chubin, Shahram, and Charles Tripp. Iran and Iraq at War. London: Tauris, 1988. Print.

Clapham, Christopher. Third World Politics: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 1988. Print.

Cleveland, William L. ‘Pp. 356-367, 410-412, 473-490, 525-527’. A History of the Modern Middle East. 3rd ed. Boulder, Colo., Oxford: Westview, 2004. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=119d7290-3b31-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. ‘Pp. 392-394, 440-450, 533-537’. A History of the Modern Middle East. 3rd ed. Boulder, Colo., Oxford: Westview, 2004. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=fe11d902-1931-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton. A History of the Modern Middle East. Fifth edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, a member of the Perseus Books Group, 2013. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=991098>.

---. A History of the Modern Middle East. Fifth edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, a member of the Perseus Books Group, 2013. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=991098>.

---. A History of the Modern Middle East. Fifth edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, a member of the Perseus Books Group, 2013. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=991098>.

---. A History of the Modern Middle East. Fifth edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, a member of the Perseus Books Group, 2013. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=991098>.

---. A History of the Modern Middle East. Fifth edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, a member of the Perseus Books Group, 2013. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=991098>.

---. ‘“The Consolidation of Authoritarian Rule in Syria and Iraq: The Regimes of Hafiz al-Asad and Saddam Husayn”’. A History of the Modern Middle East. Fifth edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, a member of the Perseus Books Group, 2013. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=991098>.

Cobban, Helena. The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511622007>.

Cohen, Asher, and Bernard Susser. Israel and the Politics of Jewish Identity: The Secular-Religious Impasse. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Print.

Cohen, Hillel. Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnb44>.

---. Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs, 1948-1967. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnm0s>.

Colonial Effects [Electronic Book] : The Making of National Identity in Jordan. Columbia University Press, 2001. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991008563599707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Comaroff, J., and J. Comaroff. ‘“Through the Looking-Glass: Colonial Encounters of the First Kind”’. Journal of Historical Sociology 1.1 (1988): 6–32. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6443.1988.tb00002.x>.

Committee Against Repression and for Democratic Rights in Iraq. Saddam’s Iraq: Revolution or Reaction? New&updated ed. London: Zed Press, 1989. Print.

‘Comparative Politics’. (1968): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012644559707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Connor, Walker. Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctv39x5s6>.

Conversi, Daniele. ‘“Homogenisation, Nationalism and War: Should We Still Read Ernest Gellner?”’ Nations & Nationalism 13.3 (2007): 371–394. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asx&AN=25803480&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Cooper, Frederick. ‘“The Rise, Fall, and Rise of Colonial Studies, 1951-2001”’. Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991015741479707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Dahi, Omar S. ‘“Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Revolts”’. Middle East Report 259 (2011): 2–6. Print.

Dallas, Roland. The Economist Pocket Middle East and North Africa. London: Hamish Hamilton in association with The Economist, 1995. Print.

Dam, Nikolaos van. The Struggle for Power in Syria: Politics and Society under Asad and the Baʻth Party. [3rd ed.]. London: I.B. Tauris, 1996. Print.

Davis, Eric. Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Print.

Dawisha, Adeed. ‘“‘Identity’ and Political Survival in Saddam’s Iraq”’. Middle East Journal 53.4 (1999): 553–567. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.4329390&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Denoeux, Guilain. Urban Unrest in the Middle East: A Comparative Study of Informal Networks in Egypt, Iran, and Lebanon. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993. Print.

Desrues, Thierry, and Said Kirhlani. ‘“Activism under Authoritarianism: Young Political Militants in Meknes”’. The Journal of North African Studies 18.5 (2013): 753–767. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13629387.2013.849892>.

Devlin, John F. ‘“The Baath Party: Rise and Metamorphosis”’. The American Historical Review 96.5 (1991): 1396–1407. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2165277?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Dieckhoff, Alain. The Invention of a Nation: Zionist Thought and the Making of Modern Israel. London: C. Hurst, 2003. Print.

Don-Yehiya, Eliezer, and Charles S. Liebman. ‘“The Symbol System of Zionist-Socialism: An Aspect of Israeli Civil Religion”’. Modern Judaism 1.2 (1981): 121–148. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hia&AN=46587560&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Dowty, Alan. The Jewish State: A Century Later. Updated with a new preface. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. Print.

Dowty, Alan 1940-. The Jewish State: A Century Later. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press. Web. <http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft709nb49x;query=;brand=eschol>.

Ehteshami, Anoushiravan. After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.

Eickelman, Dale F., and James Piscatori. Muslim Politics: With a New Preface by the Authors. [Place of publication not identified]: Princeton University Press, 2004. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991006953489707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

El Shakry, Omnia S. The Great Social Laboratory: Subjects of Knowledge in Colonial and Postcolonial Egypt. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2007. Web. <http://encore.exeter.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb3893433>.

Enayat, Hamid. ‘“Iran: Khumayni’s Concept of the ‘Guardianship of the Jurisconsult’”’. Islam in the Political Process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ff192d5a-9619-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Entessar, Nader. Kurdish Ethnonationalism. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1992. Print.

Esman, Milton Jacob, and Itamar Rabinovich. Ethnicity, Pluralism, and the State in the Middle East. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988. Print.

Esposito, John L., and François Burgat. ‘“Islam and Civil Society”’. Modernizing Islam: Religion in the Public Sphere in Europe and the Middle East. London: Hurst, 2003. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=0a98a954-191f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Esposito, John L., and John Obert Voll. Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9780198026754>.

---. Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9780198026754>.

Falah, Ghazi. ‘“How Israel Controls the Bedouin in Israel”’. Journal of Palestine 14.2 (1985): 35–51. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.2537160&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“Israeli State Policy toward Bedouin Sedentarization in the Negev”’. Journal of Palestine Studies 18.2 (1989): 71–91. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.2537634&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Farouk-Sluglett, Marion, and Peter Sluglett. Iraq since 1958: From Revolution to Dictatorship. London: I. B. Tauris, 1990. Print.

Fawcett, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East. 4th revised edition. [S.l.]: Oxford Univ Press, 2016. Print.

Firro, Kais M. The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History. Vol. 64. Leiden: Brill, 1999. Print.

Foucault, Michel. ‘“Two Lectures”’. Power-Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1980. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b4c9708c-c314-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Friedman, Menachem. ‘“The State of Israel as a Theological Dilemma”’. The Israeli State and Society: Boundaries and Frontiers. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1989. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=3408337>.

Ganim, Asʻad. The Palestinian-Arab Minority in Israel, 1948-2000: A Political Study. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=3408106>.

‘Gateway to Social Science Sites’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.rsc-sw-scotland.ac.uk/project_pages/docfiles/learning_resources/lost_rk/page_31.htm>.

Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. 2nd ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 2006. Print.

Gelvin, James I. ‘“Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc? Reassessing the Lineages of Nationalism in Bilād alShām”’. From the Syrian Land to the States of Syria and Lebanon. Bd. 96. Würzburg: Ergon in Kommission, 2004. Print.

Gelvin, James L. ‘“From ‘Patriotic Agitation’ to the Advent of Mass Politics”’. Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=88f3b786-1b1f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

‘“Gender and Citizenship in Middle Eastern States”’. Middle East Report 198 (1996): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/i350788>.

Gerber, Haim. ‘“The Limits of Constructedness: Memory and Nationalism in the Arab Middle East”’. Nations and Nationalism 10.3 (2004): 251–268. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA306054&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Gilley, Bruce. ‘“Against the Concept of Ethnic Conflict”’. Third World Quarterly 25.6 (2004): 1155–1166. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3993756>.

Gledhill, John. Power and Its Disguises: Anthropological Perspectives on Politics. 2nd ed. London: Pluto Press, 2000. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt18fs65g>.

---. Power and Its Disguises: Anthropological Perspectives on Politics. 2nd ed. London: Pluto Press, 2000. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt18fs65g>.

Göçek, Fatma Müge. Social Constructions of Nationalism in the Middle East. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002. Print.

Grigoriadis, Iannis N., and Ali M. Ansari. ‘“Turkish and Iranian Nationalisms”’. A Companion to the History of the Middle East. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. Web. <http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=28589&entityid=https://elibrary.exeter.ac.uk/idp/shibboleth>.

Gupta, Akhil. ‘“Blurred Boundaries: The Discourse of Corruption, the Culture of Politics, and the Imagined State”’. American Ethnologist 22.2 (1995): 375–402. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.646708&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

‘Haaretz - Israel News | Haaretz.Com’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.haaretz.com/>.

Haddad, Mahmoud. ‘“The Rise of Arab Nationalism Reconsidered”’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 26.2 (1994): 201–222. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.164733&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Haim, Sylvia G. Arab Nationalism: An Anthology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976. Print.

Hall, Stuart. ‘“The West and the Rest: Discourse and Power”’. The Formations of Modernity. vol.1. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4eb5db81-c814-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Halliday, Fred. Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East. London: Tauris, 1996. Print.

---. Nation and Religion in the Middle East. London, [England]: Saqi Books, 2000. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991007817109707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

---. ‘“‘Orientalism’ and Its Critics”’. British Journal of Middle Eastern 20.2 (1993): 145–163. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.195877&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“‘Orientalism’ and Its Critics”’. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 20.2 (1993): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/195877>.

---. The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology. Vol. 4. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 2005. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991001142279707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Hammami, Rema. ‘“NGOs: The Professionalization of Politics”’. Race and Class: A Journal for Black and Third World Liberation 37.2 (1995): 51–63. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5559dadf-9a19-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“Palestinian NGOs Since Oslo: From NGO Politics to Social Movements?”’ Middle East Report 214 (2000): 16–48. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.1520188&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Hanieh, Adam. Capitalism and Class in the Gulf Arab States. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000449119707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Hannoum, Abdelmajid. ‘“Colonialism and Knowledge in Algeria: The Archives of the Arab Bureau”’. History and Anthropology 12.4 (2001): 343–379. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02757206.2001.9960939>.

Harders, Cilja. ‘“The Informal Social Pact: The State and the Urban Poor in Cairo”’. Politics from Above, Politics from Below: The Middle East in the Age of Economic Reform. London: Saqi, 2003. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=770d1808-1e1f-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Hashmi, Sohail H. Islamic Political Ethics: Civil Society, Pluralism, and Conflict. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt7t420>.

Hasso, Frances S. ‘“Discursive and Political Deployments by/of the 2002 Palestinian Women Suicide Bombers/Martyrs”’. Feminist Review 31 (2005): 23–51. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA467752&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Hasso, Frances Susan. Resistance, Repression, and Gender Politics in Occupied Palestine and Jordan. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2005. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04709>.

Hazelton, Fran. Iraq since the Gulf War: Prospects for Democracy. London: Zed Books, 1993. Print.

Heydemann, Steven. Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social Conflict, 1946-1970. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999. Print.

---. Networks of Privilege in the Middle East: The Politics of Economic Reform Revisited. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Print.

Hindess, Barry. Discourses of Power: From Hobbes to Foucault. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. Print.

Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Baʻthist Syria: Army, Party, and Peasant. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1990. Print.

---. Syria: Revolution from Above. London: Routledge, 2001. Print.

Hiro, Dilip. Dictionary of the Middle East. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996. Print.

Hirschi, Caspar. The Origins of Nationalism: An Alternative History from Ancient Rome to Early Modern Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139032551>.

Hooglund, Eric J. Twenty Years of Islamic Revolution: Political and Social Transition in Iran Since 1979. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2002. Print.

Hopwood, Derek, Habib Ishow, and Thomas Koszinowski. Iraq: Power and Society. Vol. 29. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1993. Print.

Hourani, Albert. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801990>.

Hutchinson, John, and Anthony D. Smith. Ethnicity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Print.

Hutchison, Elmo H. Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951-1955. London: John Calder, 1956. Print.

ʻAbd al-Jabbār, Fāliḥ, and Hosham Dawod. The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics. London: Saqi, 2006. Print.

International Institute for Strategic Studies. ‘The Military Balance’. (1966): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012486089707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

‘International Journal of Middle East Studies’. (1970): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012429829707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Ismail, Salwa. ‘“Changing Social Structure, Shifting Alliances and Authoritarianism in Syria”’. Demystifying Syria. London: Saqi in association with The London Middle East Institute, 2009. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=af81e251-f214-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. Political Life in Cairo’s New Quarters: Encountering the Everyday State. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttsfc7>.

---. Rethinking Islamist Politics: Culture, the State and Islam. Vol. 19. London: I.B.Tauris, 2000. Print.

---. ‘“State-Society Relations in Egypt: Restructuring the Political”’. Arab Studies 17.3 (1995): 37–52. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.41858128&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Jakubowska, L. ‘’Resisting "Ethnicity: The Israeli State and Bedouin Identity’’. The Paths to Domination, Resistance, and Terror. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=f982125e-7f15-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Jalal al-Azm, Sadik. ‘“Orientalism and Orientalism in Reverse”’. Khamsin: Journal of Revolutionary Socialists of the Middle East 8 (1981): 5–26. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c4465a1a-5e04-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Jankowski, James P., and Israel Gershoni. Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Print.

Jiryis, Ṣabrī, and Inea Bushnaq. The Arabs in Israel. [2nd ed.]. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976. Print.

Johnson, Jessica, and Ian S. Fairweather. The Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. London, [England]: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=4906194>.

Johnson, Michael. Class & Client in Beirut: The Sunni Muslim Community and the Lebanese State, 1840-1985. London: Ithaca Press, 1986. Print.

Joseph, Suad. Intimate Selving in Arab Families: Gender, Self, and Identity. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1999. Print.

‘Journal of Palestine Studies: A Quarterly on Palestinian Affairs and the Arab-Israeli Conflict’. (1971): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012484289707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann. Birthing the Nation: Strategies of Palestinian Women in Israel. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pp498>.

---. Birthing the Nation: Strategies of Palestinian Women in Israel. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04715>.

Kapoor, Ilan. ‘“Capitalism, Culture, Agency: Dependency versus Postcolonial Theory”’. Third World Quarterly 23.4 (2002): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3993481>.

Kaviraj, Sudipta, and Sunil Khilnani. Civil Society: History and Possibilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print.

Kazemi, Farhad, and John Waterbury. Peasants and Politics in the Modern Middle East. Miami: Florida International U.P., 1991. Print.

Keane, John. ‘“The Limits of Secularism”’. Islam and Secularism in the Middle East. London: Hurst, 2000. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=14929d9f-9815-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Kellas, James G. The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998. Print.

Kelman, Herbert C. ‘“Israel in Transition from Zionism to Post-Zionism”’. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social 555 (1998): 46–61. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.1049211&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Kennedy, Dane. ‘“Imperial History and Post-Colonial Theory”’. Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History 24.3 (1996): 345–363. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hia&AN=46254179&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“Imperial History and Post‐colonial Theory”’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 24.3 (1996): 345–363. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03086539608582983>.

Kerr, Malcolm H. Islamic Studies: A Tradition and Its Problems. Malibu, Calif: Undena, 1980. Print.

Kertzer, David I. Ritual, Politics, and Power. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt32brpc>.

Keshavarzian, Arang. Bazaar and State in Iran: The Politics of the Tehran Marketplace. Vol. 26. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991003422379707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Khalidi, Rashid I. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00158>.

---. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00158>.

Khalil, Samir. Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq. Updated edition, with a new introduction. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1998. Print.

Kienle, Eberhard. A Grand Delusion: Democracy and Economic Reform in Egypt. London: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2001. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000253519707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

---. Baʻth v. Baʻth: The Conflict between Syria and Iraq, 1968-1989. London: Tauris, 1990. Print.

---. Contemporary Syria: Liberalization between Cold War and Cold Peace. London: British Academic Press, in association with ...School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1994. Print.

---. Contemporary Syria: Liberalization Between Cold War and Cold Peace. London: British Academic Press, in association with ...School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1994. Print.

---. ‘“More than a Response to Islamism: The Political Deliberalization of Egypt in the 1990s”’. Middle East 52.2 (1998): 219–235. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.4329187&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Kimmerling, Baruch. Clash of Identities: Explorations in Israeli and Palestinian Societies. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/kimm14328>.

---. Zionism and Territory: The Socio-Territorial Dimensions of Zionist Politics. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1983. Print.

Kolkowicz, Roman, and Andrzej Korbonski. ‘“The Syrian Armed Forces in National Politics: The Role of the Geographic and Ethnic Periphery”’. Soldiers, Peasants, and Bureaucrats: Civil-Military Relations in Communist and Modernizing Societies. London: Allen and Unwin, 1982. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=3bfcd82b-da14-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Korn, Alina. ‘“Military Government, Political Control and Crime: The Case of Israeli Arabs”’. Crime, Law and Social Change 34.2 (2000): 159–182. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA912559&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Kreyenbroek, Philip G., and Stefan Sperl. The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. London: Routledge, 1991. Print.

Laqueur, Walter. A History of Zionism. New York: Schocken Books, 1989. Print.

Lehmann, David, and Batia B. Siebzehner. Remaking Israeli Judaism: The Challenge of Shas. London: Hurst Co, 2006. Print.

Lemarchand, Rene. ‘“Uncivil States and Civil Societies: How Illusion Became Reality”’. The Journal of Modern African Studies 30.2 (1992): 177–191. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.161188&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Lewis, Diane. ‘“Anthropology and Colonialism”’. Current Anthropology 14.5 (1973): 581–602. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2741037>.

Liebman, Charles S. Religion, Democracy and Israeli Society. Vol. 2. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 1996. Print.

Lockman, Zachary. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. Second edition. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511804342>.

---. Workers and Working Classes in the Middle East: Struggles, Histories, Historiographies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991008563569707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Longuenesse, Elisabeth. ‘“The Class Nature of the State in Syria: Contribution to An Analysis”’. MERIP Reports 77 (1979): 3–11. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3010990&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Lorcin, Patricia M. E. Imperial Identities: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Race in Colonial Algeria. London: I.B.Tauris, 1995. Print.

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Lukes, Steven. Power: A Radical View. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000541089707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Lustick, Ian. Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel’s Control of a National Minority. no.6. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980. Print.

Lust-Okar, Ellen, and Saloua Zerhouni. Political Participation in the Middle East. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008. Print.

Macfie, A.L. Orientalism: A Reader. New York: New York University Press, 2000. Print.

Maddrell, Penny, and Yunis Grinawi. The Beduin of the Negev. Vol. 81. London: Minority Rights Group, 1990. Print.

Mahdavi, Pardis. Passionate Uprisings: Iran’s Sexual Revolution. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2008. Print.

Martin, Vanessa. Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of a New Iran. Vol. 24. London: I.B. Tauris, 2000. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9786000003210>.

Martinez, Luis. The Algerian Civil War. London: Hurst in association with the Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Paris, 2000. Print.

Massad, Joseph. ‘“Conceiving the Masculine: Gender and Palestinian Nationalism”’. Middle East 49.3 (1995): 467–483. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.4328835&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“Re-Orienting Desire: The Gay International and the Arab World”’. Public Culture 14.2 (2002): 361–385. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA334502&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Massad, Joseph Andoni. Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Print.

---. Desiring Arabs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Print.

Mather, Yassamine. ‘“Iran’s Political and Economic Crises”’. Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 38.3 (2010): 503–518. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=52174321&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

McDowall, David. A Modern History of the Kurds. 3rd rev. and updated ed. London: I. B. Tauris, 2004. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9780857714824>.

Meir, A. As Nomadism Ends: The Israeli Bedouin of the Negev. Westview, 1996. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991004458349707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Middle East Research and Information Project. ‘Middle East Report’. (1988): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012492349707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

‘Middle East Review of International Affairs (Online), 2009-2017’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.questia.com/library/p439882/middle-east-review-of-international-affairs-online/>.

‘Middle Eastern Studies’. (1964): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012436799707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Migdal, Joel S. Through the Lens of Israel: Explorations in State and Society. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=3407924>.

Milani, Mohsen M. The Making of Iran’s Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Boulder: Westview, 1988. Print.

Mills, C. Wright. The Sociological Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9780199761128>.

Milton-Edwards, Beverley. Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. Fourth edition. Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 2018. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=5226124>.

Mitchell, Timothy. ‘“Dreamland: The Neoliberalism of Your Desires”’. Middle East Report 210 (1999): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3012500>.

---. ‘“Everyday Metaphors of Power”’. Theory and Society 19.5 (1990): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/657563>.

---. Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppnxp>.

---. ‘“The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics”’. The American Political Science 85.1 (1991): 77–96. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.1962879&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Moaddel, Mansoor. Class, Politics and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Print.

Moghadam, Valentine M. Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East. Third edition. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, 2013. Print.

Moghissi, Haideh. Populism and Feminism in Iran: Women’s Struggle in a Male-Defined Revolutionary Movement. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994. Print.

Moore, Pete W., and Bassel F. Salloukh. ‘“Struggles under Authoritarianism: Regimes, States, and Professional Associations in the Arab World”’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 39.1 (2007): 53–76. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.4129112&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Moslem, Mehdi. Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002. Print.

Mueller, John. ‘“The Banality of ‘Ethnic War’”’. International Security 25.1 (2000): 42–70. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.2626773&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Mufti, Malik. Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1996. Print.

Muslih, Muhammad Y. The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00924>.

Najmabadi, Afsaneh. ‘“(Un)Veiling Feminism”’. Social Text 18.3 (2000): 29–45. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edspmu&AN=edspmu.S1527195100300299&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Nasasra, Mansour. ‘“The Ongoing Judaisation of the Naqab and the Struggle for Recognising the Indigenous Rights of the Arab Bedouin People”’. Settler Colonial Studies 2.2 (2012): 81–107. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA478605&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Nash, Kate. Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics, and Power. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Web. <http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Exeter&isbn=9781444320770>.

Natali, Denise. The Kurds and the State: Evolving National Identity in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2005. Print.

Niblock, Tim. ‘“Civil Society in the Middle East”’. A Companion to the History of the Middle East. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991015496009707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

---. ‘Pariah States’ & Sanctions in the Middle East: Iraq, Libya, Sudan. Boulder, Co: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001. Print.

Norton, Augustus R. Civil Society in the Middle East. Vol. 50. Leiden: Brill, 1995. Print.

Norton, Augustus Richard. ‘“The Future of Civil Society in the Middle East”’. Middle East Journal 47.2 (1993): 205–216. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.4328567&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

O’Donnell, Guillermo A., and Philippe C. Schmitter. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. Print.

Olson, Robert W. The Baʻth and Syria, 1947 to 1982: The Evolution of Ideology, Party, and State, from the French Mandate to the Era of Hafiz al-Asad. Vol. 1. Princeton, N.J.: Kingston Press, 1982. Print.

Ortner, Sherry B. ‘“Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal”’. The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press, 1996. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b639c5be-dc14-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Owen, Roger. State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2004. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?qurl=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203403259>.

‘Palestinian Refugee Research Network’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://prrn.mcgill.ca/>.

Pappé, Ilan. A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511992728>.

---. The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2011. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1nphsk>.

Parry, Benita. ‘“Problems in Current Theories of Colonial Discourse”’. Oxford Literary Review 9.1 (1987): 27–58. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43973680>.

Perthes, Volker. ‘“A Look at Syria’s Upper Class: The Bourgeoisie and the Ba’th”’. Middle East Report 170 (1991): 31–37. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3013248&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“A Look at Syria’s Upper Class: The Bourgeoisie and the Ba’th”’. Middle East Report 170 (1991): 31–37. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3013248&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“Si Vis Stabilitatem, Para Bellum: State Building, National Security and War Preparation in Syria”’. War, Institutions, and Social Change in the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991015495659707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

---. The Political Economy of Syria under Asad. London: Tauris, 1995. Print.

---. The Political Economy of Syria under Asad. London: Tauris, 1995. Print.

Peteet, Julie. ‘“Male Gender and Rituals of Resistance in the Palestinian ‘Intifada’: A Cultural Politics of Violence”’. American Ethnologist 21.1 (1994): 31–49. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.646520&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Peteet, Julie Marie. Gender in Crisis: Women and the Palestinian Resistance Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04737>.

‘Political Science Quarterly’. (1886): n. pag. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991012440709707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

‘Politics and International Relations - LibGuides at University of Exeter’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://libguides.exeter.ac.uk/PoliticsHomePage>.

Posusney, Marsha Pripstein, and Michele Penner Angrist. Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Regimes and Resistance. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005. Print.

‘“Power and Sexuality in the Middle East”’. Middle East Report 206 (1998): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/i350796>.

Pratt, Nicola. ‘“The Queen Boat Case in Egypt: Sexuality, National Security and State Sovereignty”’. Review of International 33.1 (2007): 129–144. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.20097954&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Pripstein Posusney, Marsha. ‘“Enduring Authoritarianism: Middle East Lessons for Comparative Theory”’. Comparative Politics 36.2 (2004): 127–138. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.4150139&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Puar, Jasbir K. ‘“Queer Times, Queer Assemblages”’. Social Text 23.3–4 (2005): 121–139. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsmzh&AN=2007400047&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Rahman, Maha Abdel. ‘“The Politics of ‘unCivil’ Society in Egypt”’. Review of African Political Economy. 29.Issue 91 (2002): 21–35. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=6881338&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Rahnema, Ali, and Farhad Nomani. The Secular Miracle: Religion, Politics and Economic Policy in Iran. London: Zed, 1990. Print.

Rahnema, Saeed, and Sohrab Behdad. Iran After the Revolution: Crisis of an Islamic State. London: Tauris, 1995. Print.

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Roberts, David. The Baʻth and the Creation of Modern Syria. London: Croom Helm, 1987. Print.

Rouhana, Nadim, and Asʿad Ghanem. ‘“The Crisis of Minorities in Ethnic States: The Case of Palestinian Citizens in Israel”’. International Journal of Middle East Studies 30.3 321–346. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA220565&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Roy, Olivier. Secularism Confronts Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. Print.

---. The Failure of Political Islam. London: Tauris, 1994. Print.

Sa’di, Ahmad H. ‘“Control and Resistance at Local-Level Institutions: A Study of Kafr Yassif’s Local Council under the Military Government”’. Arab Studies Quarterly 23.3 (2001): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41858381>.

---. ‘“Israel as Ethnic Democracy: What Are the Implications for the Palestinian Minority?”’ Arab Studies Quarterly 22.1 (2000): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/openurl?issn=02713519&date=2000&volume=22&issue=i&spage=25>.

---. ‘“Minority Resistance to State Control: Towards a Re-Analysis of Palestinian Political Activity in Israel”’. Social Identities 2.3 (2010): 395–412. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ich&AN=ICHA302656&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Sadowski, Yahya. ‘“The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate”’. Middle East Report 183 (1993): 14–40. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3012572&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate”’. Middle East Report 183 (1993): 14–40. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3012572&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Said, Edward W. ‘“Introduction”’. Orientalism. London: Penguin, 2003. 1–28. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9a455f1b-5b04-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

---. Orientalism. London: Penguin, 2003. Print.

Sallam, Hesham. ‘“Striking Back at Egyptian Workers”’. Middle East Report 259 (2011): 20–25. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.41407962&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Salwa, Ismail. ‘“Authoritarian Government, Neoliberalism and Everyday Civilities in Egypt”’. Third World Quarterly 32.5 (2011): 845–862. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.41300403&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Ṣāyigh, Yazīd. Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997. Web. <http://encore.exeter.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2507412>.

Sayigh, Yezid. ‘“Armed Struggle and State Formation”’. Journal of Palestine Studies 26.4 (1997): 17–32. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.2537904&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

---. ‘“Globalization Manqué, Regional Fragmentation and Authoritarian-Liberalism in the Middle East”’. The Third World Beyond the Cold War: Continuity and Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Web. <http://encore.exeter.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1835207>.

---. ‘“War as Leveller, War as Midwife: Palestinian Political Institutions, Nationalism, and Society Since 1948”’. War, Institutions, and Social Change in the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991015495659707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Schatz, Edward. Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=3038320>.

Schlumberger (ed.), Oliver. Debating Arab Authoritarianism: Dynamics and Durability in Nondemocratic Regimes. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2007. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/detail.action?docID=5419438>.

Schulz, Helena Lindholm. The Reconstruction of Palestinian Nationalism: Between Revolution and Statehood. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999. Print.

Schwedler, Jillian. Toward Civil Society in the Middle East?: A Primer. Boulder, CO: L. Rienner, 1995. Print.

Scott, James C. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1np6zz>.

---. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1nq3vk>.

---. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1nq836>.

Seale, Patrick, and Maureen McConville. Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1990. Print.

Shafir, Gershon, and Yoav Peled. Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Vol. 16. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164641>.

Shahine, Selim H. ‘“Youth and the Revolution in Egypt”’. Anthropology Today 27.2 (2011): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27975427>.

Shami, Seteney. ‘“Domesticity Reconfigured: Women in Squatter Areas of Amman”’. Organizing Women: Formal and Informal Women’s Groups in the Middle East. Vol. 17. Oxford: Berg, 1997. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=22a08738-de14-e911-80cd-005056af4099>.

Shamir, Ronen. ‘“Suspended in Space: Bedouins under the Law of Israel”’. Law and Society Review 30.2 (1996): 231–257. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3053959&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Shareef, Mohammed. The United States, Iraq and the Kurds: Shock, Awe and Aftermath. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2014. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?qurl=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315867014>.

Sharoni, Simona. Gender and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Politics of Women’s Resistance. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1995. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04749>.

Shehata, Samer. ‘“Ethnography, Identity and the Production of Knowledge”’. Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991007318519707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

Shehata, Samer S. ‘“The Politics of Laughter: Nasser, Sadat, and Mubarek in Egyptian Political Jokes”’. Folklore 103.1 (1992): 75–91. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.1261035&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Singerman, Diane. Avenues of Participation: Family, Politics, and Networks in Urban Quarters of Cairo. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1995. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.aspresolver.com/aspresolver.asp?ANTH;1671264>.

Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism. London: Routledge, 1998. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991014980829707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

---. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2010. Web. <http://exeter.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1184135>.

---. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Print.

Smith, Brian C. Understanding Third World Politics: Theories of Political Change and Development. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Print.

Stendel, Ori. The Arabs in Israel. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 1996. Print.

Stevenson, Thomas B., and Abdul Karim Alaug. ‘“Football in Newly United Yemen: Rituals of Equity, Identity, and State Formation”’. Journal of Anthropological Research 56.4 (2000): 453–475. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.3630927&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

Stewart, Angus. Theories of Power and Domination: The Politics of Empowerment in Late Modernity. London: SAGE, 2001. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://sk.sagepub.com/books/theories-of-power-and-domination>.

Sullivan, Denis J., and Sana Abed-Kotob. Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society vs the State. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner, 1999. Print.

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---. ‘“Islam, the State and Democracy: Contrasting Conceptions of Society in Egypt”’. Middle East Report 179 (1992): 2–10. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.10.2307.3013207&site=eds-live&scope=site>.

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Bibliography for ARAM054/POLM651 BETA