Bibliography for ARCM412 | University of Exeter

A. Boylston et al. ‘“Investigation of a Romano-British Rural Ritual in Bedford, England” [in] Journal of Archaeological Science’. Journal of Archaeological Science 27.3 (2000): 241–254. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030544039990451X>.

A. F. Harding. European Societies in the Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-societies-in-the-bronze-age/4D4FAFF16D686E78730E212EF49B7CBB>.

Alasdair Whittle. Europe in the Neolithic: The Creation of New Worlds. Revised edition. Cambridge world archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Print.

Andrew Fleming. ‘“Tombs for the Living” [in] Man’. Man 8.2 (1973): 177–193. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2800845>.

Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart. Collaborations and Conflicts: A Leader Through Time. Case studies in cultural anthropology. Fort Worth, Tx: Harcourt College, 2000. Print.

Andy Boddington. ‘“Models of Burial, Settlement and Worship: The Final Phase Revisited” [in] Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries - A Reappraisal: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Liverpool Museum 1986’. Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries: A Reappraisal: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Liverpool Museum 1986. Stroud: Sutton, 1990. 177–199. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b60b8a11-fec2-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Anna Belfer-Cohen. ‘“The Natufian Graveyard in Hayonim Cave” [in] Paléorient’. Paléorient 14.2 (1988): 297–308. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41492321>.

Anna Belfer-Cohen, Erella Hovers. ‘“In the Eye of the Beholder: Mousterian and Natufian Burials in the Levant” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 33.4 (1992): 463–471. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743875>.

Anthony Harding. Warriors and Weapons in Bronze Age Europe. Archaeolingua. Budapest: Archaeolingua, 2007. Print.

Arnold, Bettina. ‘“The Deposed Princess of Vix: The Need for An Engendered European Prehistory” [in] The Archaeology of Gender: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Chacmool Conference’. The Archaeology of Gender: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Chacmool Conference (1991): 366–374. Print.

Arnold, Christopher J. ‘“Territories and Leadership: Frameworks for the Study of Emergent Polities in Early Anglo-Saxon Southern England” [in] Power and Politics in Early Medieval Britain and Ireland’. Power and Politics in Early Medieval Britain and Ireland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1988. 111–127. Print.

Aubrey Cannon. ‘“The Historical Dimension in Mortuary Expressions of Status and Sentiment” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 30.4 (1989): 437–458. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743373>.

Barbara J. Little, Kim M. Lanphear, Douglas W. Owsley. ‘“Mortuary Display and Status in a Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Cemetery in Manassas, Virginia” [in] American Antiquity’. American Antiquity 57.3 (1992): 397–418. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/280930>.

Barry Cunliffe. Iron Age Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC until the Roman Conquest. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2005. Print.

---. Iron Age Communities in Britain: An Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC until the Roman Conquest. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2005. Print.

Bassett(ed), Steven. Death in Towns: Urban Responses to the Dying and the Dead, 100-1600. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1992. Print.

Beck, Lane A. Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. Print.

---. Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. Print.

---. Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. Print.

Bede and Leo Sherley-Price and R. E. Latham (eds). A History of the English Church and People. Rev. ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968. Print.

Bettina Arnold. ‘“‘Drinking the Feast’: Alcohol and the Legitimation of Power in Celtic Europe” [in] Cambridge Archaeological Journal’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9.1 (1999): n. pag. Web. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/drinking-the-feast-alcohol-and-the-legitimation-of-power-in-celtic-europe/606CC78C984EE47B78FB914A41329B06>.

---. ‘'''Honorary Males" or Women of Substance? Gender, Status, and Power in Iron-Age Europe’ [in] Journal of European Archaeology’. Journal of European Archaeology 3.2 (1995): 153–168. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/096576695800703757>.

---. ‘“The Limits of Agency in the Analysis of Elite Iron Age Celtic Burials” [in] Journal of Social Archaeology’. Journal of Social Archaeology 1.2 (2001): 210–224. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/146960530100100204>.

Bettina Arnold and Blair Gibson (eds). Celtic Chiefdom, Celtic State: The Evolution of Complex Social Systems in Prehistoric Europe. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Print.

Bittel (ed.), Kurt. Fundberichte Aus Baden-Württemberg, Band 12. Stuttgart: Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, 1987. Print.

Bloch, Maurice, and Jonathan Parry (eds). Death and the Regeneration of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Web. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/death-and-the-regeneration-of-life/2C26BF619DD42B131CF9C971DB014C99>.

Brian Boyd. ‘“The Transformation of Knowledge: Natufian Mortuary Practices at Hayonim, Western Galilee” [in] Archaeological Reviews from Cambridge’. Archaeological Reviews from Cambridge 11.2 (1992): 19–38. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ff91e72a-f5d8-e611-80c9-005056af4099>.

Brian F. Byrd and Christopher M. Monahan. ‘“Death, Mortuary Ritual, and Natufian Social Structure” [in] Journal of Anthropological Archaeology’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14.3 (1995): 251–287. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416585710148>.

Bruno Boulestin et al. ‘“Mass Cannibalism in the Linear Pottery Culture at Herxheim (Palatinate, Germany)” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 83.322 (2009): 968–982. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/mass-cannibalism-in-the-linear-pottery-culture-at-herxheim-palatinate-germany/2E337084566E8E0E8C8CBF18F1E33157>.

C. Rebecca Craig, Christopher J. Knüsel, Gillian C. Carr. ‘“Fragmentation, Mutilation and Dismemberment: An Interpretation of Human Remains on Iron Age Sites” [in] Warfare, Violence and Slavery in Prehistory’. Warfare, Violence and Slavery in Prehistory. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2005. 165–180. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ac73cac5-c7c3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Carver, Martin. The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1992. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzE2NTY3X19BTg2?sid=7d2509be-6af9-40bf-b2a9-b2a05b4cd7a9@pdc-v-sessmgr06&vid=0&format=EB&lpid=lp_I&rid=0>.

Chapman, Robert, Ian Kinnes, and Klavs Randsborg. The Archaeology of Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Print.

---. The Archaeology of Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Print.

Charles Callender and Lee M. Kochems. ‘“The North American Berdache” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 24.4 (1983): 443–470. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2742448>.

Christopher Carr. ‘“Mortuary Practices: Their Social, Philosophical-Religious, Circumstantial, and Physical Determinants” [in] Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory’. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2.2 (1995): 105–200. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20177326>.

Christopher Daniell. Death and Burial in Medieval England, 1066-1550. London: Routledge, 2005. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?qurl=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203979174>.

---. Death and Burial in Medieval England, 1066-1550. London: Routledge, 2005. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?qurl=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203979174>.

Clark Spencer Larsen. Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/books/bioarchaeology/33B8316F5DF02D06BECD553DF62AC714>.

Claus Kjeld Jensen and Karen Høilund Nielsen (eds). Burial and Society: The Chronological and Social Analysis of Archaeological Burial Data. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1997. Print.

Colin Renfrew and John F. Cherry (eds). Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Print.

Crabtree, Pam J. ‘“The Symbolic Role of Animals in Anglo-Saxon England: Evidence From Burials and Cremations” [in] The Symbolic Role of Animals in Archaeology’. The Symbolic Role of Animals in Archaeology. University of Pennsylvania: Masca Research Papers, University of Pennsylvania, 1995. 21–26. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/reader.action?docID=5522678&ppg=22>.

Cullen, Tracey. ‘“Mesolithic Mortuary Ritual at Franchthi Cave, Greece” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 69.263 (1995): 270–289. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/mesolithic-mortuary-ritual-at-franchthi-cave-greece/A050F075D43CA3D8F1EDC581198FC0D0>.

Cunliffe, Barry. ‘“Pits, Preconceptions and Propitiation in the British Iron Age” [in] Oxford Journal of Archaeology’. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 11.1 (1992): 69–83. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1992.tb00257.x/abstract>.

Curta, Florin. ‘“Some Remarks on Ethnicity in Medieval Archaeology” [in] Early Medieval Europe’. Early Medieval Europe 15.2 (2007): 159–185. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2007.00202.x/abstract>.

D. Karasik, B. Arensburg, and O. M. Pavlovsky. ‘“Age Assessment of Natufian Remains From the Land of Israel” [in] American Journal of Physical Anthropology’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 113.2 (2000): 263–274. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1096-8644(200010)113:2%3C263::AID-AJPA8%3E3.0.CO;2-%23/abstract>.

David P. Braun. ‘“A Critique of Some Recent North American Mortuary Studies” [in] American Antiquity’. American Antiquity 46.2 (1981): 398–416. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/280220>.

Defleur, Alban. ‘Les Sépultures Moustériennes’. (1993): n. pag. Web. <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3334584s/f1.image.texteImage>.

---. ‘“Les Sépultures Moustériennes” [in] La Recherche’. La Recherche 256 (1993): 820–828. Web. <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3334584s/f1.image.texteImage>.

Demorest Davenport and Michael A. Jochim. ‘“The Scene in the Shaft at Lascaux” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 62.236 (1988): 558–562. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/scene-in-the-shaft-at-lascaux/BBD818B72D1E23CE9AC5CCFBB6583A89>.

Drucker, Philip. Cultures of the North Pacific Coast. New York: Chandler, 1965. Print.

E. Talbot Donaldson. Beowulf: A New Prose Translation. London: Longmans, 1967. Print.

Earle (ed), Timothy K. Chiefdoms: Power, Economy and Ideology. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Print.

Earle, Timothy K. ‘“Chiefdoms in Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Perspective” [in] Annual Review of Anthropology’. Annual Review of Anthropology 16 (1987): 279–308. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155873>.

---. Chiefdoms: Power, Economy and Ideology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Print.

---. How Chiefs Come to Power: The Political Economy in Prehistory. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1997. Print.

Eliade, Mircea. Rites and Symbols of Initiation: The Mysteries of Birth and Rebirth. Woodstock, Conn: Spring Publications, 1995. Print.

---. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Rev. and enl. ed. Bollingen series. [London]: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964. Print.

Elizabeth A. R. Brown. ‘“Death and the Human Body in the Later Middle Ages: The Legislation of Boniface VIII on the Division of the Corpse” [in] Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies’. Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 12 (1981): 221–270. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.301488>.

Elizabeth DeMarrais, Luis Jaime Castillo, Timothy Earle. ‘“Ideology, Materialization and Power Strategies” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 37.1 (1996): 15–31. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2744153>.

Fay, Isla. ‘“Text, Space and the Evidence of Human Remains in English Late Medieval and Tudor Disease Culture: Some Problems and Possibilities” [in] The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains’. The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2006. 190–208. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr7mc.18?refreqid=excelsior%3A14c33d2eb111db0de4a2fce32e1a25cf&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Fernand Benoit. ‘“The Celtic ‘Oppidum’ of Entremont, Provence” [in] Recent Archaeological Excavations in Europe’. Recent Archaeological Excavations in Europe. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975. 227–259. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=59e17343-fac2-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Frayer, David W., and Debra.L. Martin. ‘“Ofnet: Evidence for a Mesolithic Massacre” [in] Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past’. Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1997. 181–216. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=eb890644-5dd3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Fred H. Smith, Anthony B. Falsetti, and Steven M. Donnelly. ‘“Modern Human Origins” [in] American Journal of Physical Anthropology’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 32.S10 (1989): 35–68. Web. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1330320504/full>.

Fried, Morton H. The Notion of Tribe. Cummings modular program in anthropology. Menlo Park, Calif: Cummings, 1975. Print.

Fulton, Robert, and Steven W. Anderson. ‘“The Amerindian ‘Man-Woman’: Gender, Liminality, and Cultural Continuity” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 33.5 (1992): 603–610. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743927>.

G. A. Clark and M. Neeley. ‘“Social Differentiation in European Mesolithic Burial Data” [in] Mesolithic Northwest Europe: Recent Trends’. Mesolithic Northwest Europe: Recent Trends. Recent trends series. Sheffield: Department of Archaeology and Prehistory, University of Sheffield, 1987. 121–127. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=94b02450-c0c3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Gargett, Robert H. ‘“Grave Shortcomings: The Evidence for Neandertal Burial” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 30.2 (1989): 157–190. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743544>.

---. ‘“Middle Palaeolithic Burial Is Not a Dead Issue: The View From Qafzeh, Saint-Cesaire, Kebara, Amud and Dederiyeh” [in] Journal of Human Evolution’. Journal of Human Evolution 37.1 (1999): 27–90. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248499903019>.

Giles Clarke. ‘“Popular Movements and Late Roman Cemeteries” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 7.1 (1975): 46–56. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124108>.

Gill Hey, Alex Bayliss, and Angela Boyle. ‘“Iron Age Inhumation Burials at Yarnton, Oxfordshire” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 73.281 (1999): 551–562. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/341C27B14196ECFBD83CB08DD2237E35/S0003598X00065108a.pdf/div-class-title-iron-age-inhumation-burials-at-yarnton-oxfordshire-div.pdf>.

Gillian Carr, Christopher Knusel. ‘“The Ritual Framework of Excarnation by Exposure as the Mortuary Practice of the Early and Middle Iron Ages of Central Southern Britain” [in] Reconstructing Iron Age Societies: New Approaches to the British Iron Age’. Reconstructing Iron Age Societies: New Approaches to the British Iron Age. Oxbow Monographs in Archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow, 1997. 167–173. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=7315e085-b6c3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Gillian Stroud, Richard L. Kemp, and P. V. Addyman (eds). The Archaeology of York, Vol. 12: The Medieval Cemeteries. York: Published for the York Archaeological Trust by the Council for British Archaeology, 1993. Print.

Gilman, Antonio. ‘“The Development of Social Stratification in Bronze Age Europe” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 22.1 (1981): 1–23. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2742414>.

Gittings, Clare. ‘“Urban Funerals in Late Medieval and Reformation England” [in] Death in Towns: Urban Responses to the Dying and the Dead, 100-1600’. Death in Towns: Urban Responses to the Dying and the Dead, 100-1600. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1992. 170–183. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=69c12a68-18c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Goring-Morris, Nigel, and Liora Kolska Horwitz. ‘“Funerals and Feasts During the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B of the Near East” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 81.314 (2007): 902–919. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/funerals-and-feasts-during-the-prepottery-neolithic-b-of-the-near-east/C535925F76EDDF6C38D0F920E9520557>.

Gowland, Rebecca. ‘“Ageing the Past: Examining Age Identity Fron Funerary Evidence” [in] The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains’. The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxbow Books, 2006. 190–208. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr7mc>.

Gowland, Rebecca, and Christopher Knüsel, eds. Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2006. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1cfr7mc>.

Halifax, Joan. Shaman: The Wounded Healer. London: Thames and Hudson, 1982. Print.

Halsall, Guy. ‘“Female Status and Power in Early Merovingian Central Austrasia: The Burial Evidence” [in] Early Medieval Europe’. Early Medieval Europe 5.1 (1996): 1–24. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0254.1996.tb00045.x/abstract>.

Harding, Anthony. ‘“Warfare: A Defining Characteristic of Bronze Age Europe?” [in] Ancient Warfare: Archaeological Perspectives’. Ancient Warfare: Archaeological Perspectives. Stroud: Sutton, 1999. 157–173. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=086035ed-19c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Harding et al, Anthony. Velim: Violence and Death in Bronze Age Bohemia: The Results of Fieldwork 1992-95, With a Consideration of Peri-Mortem Trauma and Deposition in the Bronze Age. Prague: Archaeologický ústav AV CR, 2007. Print.

Härke, Heinrich. ‘Changing Symbols in a Changing Society: The Anglo-Saxon Weapon Burial Rite in the Seventh Century’ [in] The Age of Sutton Hoo. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1992. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzE2NTY3X19BTg2?sid=7889ec28-5532-4ec1-a342-3254bfb9c8e5@sessionmgr103&vid=0&format=EB&lpid=lp_I&rid=0>.

---. ‘“The Nature of Burial Data” [in] Burial and Society: The Chronological and Social Analysis of Archaeological Burial Data’. Burial and Society: The Chronological and Social Analysis of Archaeological Burial Data. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1997. 19–27. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=aa97574e-23c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“‘Warrior Graves’? The Background of the Anglo-Saxon Weapon Burial Rite” [in] Past & Present’. Past & Present 126 (1990): 22–43. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/650808>.

Harrold, Francis B. ‘“A Comparative Analysis of Eurasian Palaeolithic Burials” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 12.2 (1980): 195–211. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124403>.

Hässler (ed.), Hans-Jürgen. Studien Zur Sächsenforschung 6. Lax, 1987. Print.

Hayden, Brian. ‘“Funerals as Feasts: Why Are They So Important?” [in] Cambridge Archaeological Journal’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19.01 (2009): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/49EFDEBE97F46CE0D09AA23A0ABA3079/S095977430900002Xa.pdf/div-class-title-funerals-as-feasts-why-are-they-so-important-div.pdf>.

---. ‘“Nimrods, Piscators, Pluckers, and Planters: The Emergence of Food Production” [in] Journal of Anthropological Archaeology’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9.1 (1990): 31–69. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/027841659090005X>.

---. ‘“The Cultural Capacities of Neandertals: A Review and Re-Evaluation” [in] Journal of Human Evolution’. Journal of Human Evolution 24.2 (1993): 113–146. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248483710109>.

---. ‘“The Dynamics of Wealth and Poverty in the Transegalitarian Societies of Southeast Asia” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 75.289 (2001): 571–581. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/dynamics-of-wealth-and-poverty-in-the-transegalitarian-societies-of-southeast-asia/7FEF037727C07DB72F0E625541A25A76>.

Hedeager, Lotte. Iron-Age Societies: From Tribe to State in Northern Europe, 500 BC to AD 700. Social archaeology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992. Print.

Helen Codere. ‘“Kwakiutl Society: Rank Without Class” [in] American Anthropologist’. American Anthropologist 59.3 (1957): 473–486. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/665913>.

Hershkovitz et al., I. ‘“Ohalo II Man - Unusual Findings in the Anterior Rib Cage and Shoulder Girdle of a 19000-Year-Old Specimen” [in] International Journal of Osteoarchaeology’. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 3.3 (1993): 177–188. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.1390030304/abstract>.

Higham et al., Tom. ‘“New Perspectives on the Varna Cemetery (Bulgaria) – AMS Dates and Social Implications” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 81.313 (2007): 640–654. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9437310&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0003598X00095636>.

Hill, J. D. ‘“The Pre-Roman Iron Age in Britain and Ireland (ca.800 BC to AD 100): An Overview” [in] Journal of World Prehistory’. Journal of World Prehistory 9.1 (1995): 47–98. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25801071>.

Hills, Catherine. ‘“Spong Hill Anglo-Saxon Cemetery” [in] Burial Archaeology: Current Research, Methods and Developments’. Burial Archaeology: Current Research, Methods and Developments. British archaeological reports. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1989. 237–248. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=a8419e97-24c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“The Archaeology of Anglo-Saxon England in the Pagan Period: A Review” [in] Anglo-Saxon England’. Anglo-Saxon England 8 (1979): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/div-classtitlethe-archaeology-of-anglo-saxon-england-in-the-pagan-period-a-reviewdiv/C68BB4D73C5987BC3EA80961F2275629>.

Hodder (ed), Ian. Inhabiting Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 1995-99 Seasons. Çatalhöyük research project. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2005. Print.

---. Religion in the Emergence of Civilization: Çatalhöyük as a Case Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.

---. Symbolic and Structural Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/books/symbolic-and-structural-archaeology/2FE1B7A1F5D43067A3A46F1CABB021E2>.

Hodder, Ian. Çatalhöyük: The Leopard’s Tale. Revealing the Mysteries of Turkey’s Ancient ‘Town’. 1. publ. in the United Kingdom. London: Thames & Hudson, 2006. Print.

Hodges, Richard. ‘“Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change in Anglo-Saxon England” [in] Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change’. Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 69–78. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=35e8aa6f-25c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Howell, Todd L. ‘“Identifying Leaders at Hawikku” [in] Kiva’. Kiva 62.1 (1996): 61–82. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30246215>.

Hugh-Jones, Stephen. ‘“Shamans, Prophets, Priest and Pastors” [in] Shamanism, History, and the State’. Shamanism, History, and the State. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press, 1994. 32–75. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9792d9d1-28c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Humphreys, S. C., and Helen King. Mortality and Immortality: The Anthropology and Archaeology of Death. London: Academic Press, 1981. Print.

Ian Armit. ‘“Inside Kurtz’s Compound: Headhunting and the Human Body in Prehistoric Europe” [in] Skull Collection, Modification and Decoration’. Skull Collection, Modification and Decoration. British archaeological reports. Oxford: Archeopress, 2006. 1–14. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=5f5843dd-f4c2-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

J. D. Lewis-Williams and T. A. Dowson. ‘“On Vision and Power in the Neolithic: Evidence From the Decorated Monuments” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 34.1 (1993): 55–65. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743733>.

J. L. Buckberry and D. M. Hadley. ‘“An Anglo-Saxon Execution Cemetery at Walkington Wold, Yorkshire” [in] Oxford Journal of Archaeology’. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 26.3 (2007): 309–329. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0092.2007.00287.x/abstract>.

J. M. Lindly and G. A. Clark. ‘“Symbolism and Modern Human Origins” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 31.3 (1990): 233–261. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743625>.

J. S. Dent. ‘“Weapons, Wounds and War in the Iron Age” [in] Archaeological Journal’. Archaeological Journal 140.1 (1983): 120–128. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00665983.1983.11077688>.

Jacobs, Ken. ‘“Returning to Oleni” Ostrov: Social, Economic, and Skeletal Dimensions of a Boreal Forest Mesolithic Cemetery’ [in] Journal of Anthropological Archaeology’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14.4 (1995): 359–403. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416585710185>.

James A. Brown. ‘“On Mortuary Analysis - With Special Reference to the Saxe-Binford Research Program” [in] Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis’. Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. 3–26. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=56608171-b3c3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“The Search for Rank in Prehistoric Burials” [in] The Archaeology of Death’. The Archaeology of Death. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. 25–37. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=4020a6fb-b0c3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

James, Edward. ‘“Burial and Status in the Early Medieval West” [in] Transactions of the Royal Historical Society’. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 39 (1989): 23–40. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3678976>.

Jane E. Buikstra and Lane A. Beck (eds). Bioarchaeology: The Contextual Analysis of Human Remains. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2006. Print.

Jane Monnig Atkinson. ‘“Shamanisms Today” [in] Annual Review of Anthropology’. Annual Review of Anthropology 21 (1992): 307–330. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155990>.

Janet Montgomery, Christopher J. Knüsel, and Katie Tucker. ‘“Identifying the Origins of Decapitated Male Skeletons from 3 Driffield Terrace, York, Through Isotope Analysis: Reflections of the Cosmopolitan Nature of Roman York in the Time of Caracalla” [in] The Bioarchaeology of the Human Head: Decapitation, Decoration and Deformation’. The Bioarchaeology of the Human Head: Decapitation, Decoration and Deformation. Gainesville, Fla: University Press of Florida, 2011. 141–178. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9ca8b7d3-37c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Jean Froissart and Geoffrey Brereton (ed.). Chronicles. Penguin classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981. Print.

Jeremy Dronfield. ‘“Migraine, Light and Hallucinogens: The Neurocognitive Basis of Irish Megalithic Art” [in] Oxford Journal of Archaeology’. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 14.3 (1995): 261–275. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1995.tb00063.x/abstract>.

Jewitt, John Rodgers. ‘“The Headhunters of Nootka” [in] Captured by the Indians: 15 Firsthand Accounts, 1750-1870’. Captured by the Indians: 15 Firsthand Accounts, 1750-1870. Dover Publications, 1985. 320–368. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/exeter/reader.action?docID=1894962&ppg=310>.

Jez Reeve and Max Adams. The Spitalfields Project, Vol.1: The Archaeology - Across the Styx. Research Reports/Council for British Archaeology. London: Council for British Archaeology, 1993. Print.

John C. Barrett. ‘“The Monumentality of Death: The Character of Early Bronze Age Mortuary Mounds in Southern Britain” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 22.2 (1990): 179–189. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124875>.

John Chapman. Tensions at Funerals: Micro-Tradition Analysis in Later Hungarian Prehistory. Archaeolingua. Budapest: Archaeolingua Alapítvány with the support of the University of Durham, Centre for Archaeology of Central and Eastern Europe, 2000. Print.

---. ‘“The Creation of Social Arenas in the Neolithic and Copper Age of S.E. Europe: The Case of Varna” [in] Sacred and Profane: Proceedings of a Conference on Archaeology, Ritual and Religion’. Sacred and Profane: Proceedings of a Conference on Archaeology, Ritual and Religion. Monographs/Oxford University Committee for Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University committee for Archaeology, 1991. 152–171. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=755891dd-0cc5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

John Collis. ‘“Pre-Roman Burial Rites in North-Western Europe” [in] Burial in the Roman World’. Burial in the Roman World. Research reports/Council for British Archaeology. London: Council for British Archaeology, 1977. 1–12. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=13c4ccc9-c2c3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. The European Iron Age. London: Routledge, 1997. Print.

John Dent. ‘“Three Cart Burials From Wetwang, Yorkshire” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 59.226 (1985): 85–92. Web. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/div-classtitlethree-cart-burials-from-wetwang-yorkshirediv/BDA955962E447ABD0F80A5035D639790>.

John Hunter and Ian Ralston (eds). The Archaeology of Britain: An Introduction from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Industrial Revolution. London: Routledge, 1999. Print.

John O’Shea and Marek Zvelebil. ‘“Oleneostrovski Mogilnik: Reconstructing the Social and Economic Organization of Prehistoric Foragers in Northern Russia” [in] Journal of Anthropological Archaeology’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 3.1 (1984): 1–40. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0278416584900114>.

Jones, Richard. ‘“Burial Customs of Rome and the Provinces” [in] The Roman World Vol. 2’. The Roman World Vol. 2. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. 812–837. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9851fde1-63d0-e711-80cd-005056af4099>.

Jörg Biel, Peter Frankenstein, and Jörg Jordan. Der Keltenfürst von Hochdorf. 2. Aufl. Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss, 1985. Print.

Julian Litten. The English Way of Death: The Common Funeral since 1450. London: Robert Hale, 1991. Print.

Julian Thomas and Alasdair Whittle. ‘“Anatomy of a Tomb: West Kennet Revisited” [in] Oxford Journal of Archaeology’. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 5.2 (1986): 129–154. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1986.tb00349.x/abstract>.

Julius Caesar and Stanley Alexander Handford (ed.). The Conquest of Gaul. Penguin classics. Harmondsworth, Eng: Penguin Books, 1951. Print.

Kenneth M. Ames. ‘“The Northwest Coast: Complex Hunter-Gatherers, Ecology, and Social Evolution” [in] Annual Review of Anthropology’. Annual Review of Anthropology 23 (1994): 209–229. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2156012>.

Kim, Seung-Og. ‘“Burials, Pigs, and Political Prestige in Neolithic China” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 35.2 (1994): 119–141. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2744177>.

Kinnes, Ian. ‘“Monumental Function in British Neolithic Burial Practices” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 7.1 (1975): 16–29. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124106>.

Kirchner, Horst. ‘“Ein Archäologischer Beitrag Zur Urgeschichte Des Schamanismus” [in] Anthropos’. Anthropos (1952): 244–286. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40449610>.

Knüsel, Christopher J. ‘“Men Take Up Arms for War: Sex and Status Distinctions of Humeral Medial Epicondylar Avulsion Fractures in the Archaeological Record” [in] Breathing New Life into the Evidence of Death: Contemporary Approaches to Bioarchaeology’. Breathing New Life into the Evidence of Death: Contemporary Approaches to Bioarchaeology. School for Advanced Research advanced seminar series. Santa Fe, N.M.: School for Advanced Research Press, 2011. 221–250. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=bd9037d7-2cc5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“More Circe Than Cassandra: The Princess of Vix in Ritualized Social Context” [in] European Journal of Archaeology’. European Journal of Archaeology 5.3 (2002): 275–307. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/eja.2002.5.3.275>.

---. ‘“Of Crystal Balls, Political Power and Changing Contexts: What the Clever Women of SalernoIinherited” [in] Practitioners, Practices and Patients: New Approaches to Medical Archaeology and Anthropology’. Practitioners, Practices and Patients: New Approaches to Medical Archaeology and Anthropology. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2002. 172–194. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=08e4bfea-2ac5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“‘Of No More Use to Men Than in Ages Before?’: The Investiture Contest as a Model for Funerary Interpretation” [in] The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains’. The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains (2006): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr7mc.19?refreqid=excelsior%3A535ef5e1d8c2fabe829b5b6b102da039&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Knüsel, Christopher J., and Gillian C. Carr. ‘“On the Significance of the Crania from the River Thames and Its Tributaries” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 69.262 (1995): 162–169. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/on-the-significance-of-the-crania-from-the-river-thames-and-its-tributaries/1BA402A712E3332BEFF756B4D4EF63E9>.

Knüsel et al, Christopher J. ‘“The Identity of the St Bees Lady, Cumbria: An Osteobiographical Approach” [in] Medieval Archaeology’. Medieval Archaeology 54.1 (2010): 271–311. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=55207061&site=ehost-live>.

Kristian Kristiansen. Europe Before History. New studies in archaeology. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.

Kristian Kristiansen and Thomas B. Larsson. The Rise of Bronze Age Society: Travels, Transmissions and Transformations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print.

Kristiansen, Kristian. Europe Before History. New studies in archaeology. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.

---. ‘“From Stone to Bronze: The Evolution of Social Complexity in Northern Europe” [in] Specialization, Exchange and Complex Societies’. Specialization, Exchange and Complex Societies. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 30–51. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=76197eb8-2ec5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Kuijt, Ian. ‘“Keeping the Peace: Ritual, Skull Catching and Community Integration in the Levatine Neolithic” [in] Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity and Differentiation’. Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social Organization, Identity and Differentiation. Kluwer Academic, 2000. 137–164. Web. <https://zodml.org/sites/default/files/%5B%5D_Anthropology_Life_in_Neolithic_Farming_Communit.pdf>.

---. ‘“Negotiating Equality Through Ritual: A Consideration of Late Natufian and Prepottery Neolithic A Period Mortuary Practices” [in] Journal of Anthropological Archaeology’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 15.4 (1996): 313–336. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416596900124>.

---. ‘“Place, Death, and the Transmission of Social Memory in Early Agricultural Communities of the Near Eastern Pre-Pottery Neolithic” [in] Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association’. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 10.1 (2001): 80–99. Web. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/ap3a.2001.10.1.80/abstract>.

Lane Anderson Beck (ed.). Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. Print.

Larson, L. H. ‘“Archaeological Implications of Social Stratification at the Etowah Site, Georgia” [in] Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology’. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology (1971): 59–67. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25146712>.

Leore Grosman, Natalie D. Munro, and Anna Belfer-Cohen. ‘“A 12,000-Year-Old Shaman Burial from the Southern Levant (Israel)” [in] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105.46 (2008): 17665–17669. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25465341>.

Leroi-Gourhan, Arlette. ‘“The Flowers Found with Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal Burial in Iraq” [in] Science’. Science 190.4214 (1975): 562–564. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1740438>.

Lewis R. Binford. ‘“Mortuary Practices: Their Study and Potential” [in] An Archaeological Perspective’. An Archaeological Perspective. Studies in Archaeology. London: Seminar Press, 1972. 208–243. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=e40eb492-5cd3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

‘LibGuides - Archaeology’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://libguides.exeter.ac.uk/ArchaeologyHomePage>.

Lilley et al., J. M. The Archaeology of York, Vol. 12: The Medieval Cemeteries, 3. The Jewish Burial Ground at Jewbury. York: Council for British Archaeology, for the York Archaeological Trust, 1994. Print.

Lucy, S. J. ‘“Housewives, Warriors and Slaves? Sex and Gender in Anglo-Saxon Burials” [in] Invisible People and Processes: Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology’. Invisible People and Processes: Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology. Leicester: Leicester U.P., 1997. 150–168. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c7fc200d-35c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Lucy, Sam. The Anglo-Saxon Way of Death: Burial Rites in Early England. Stroud: Sutton, 2000. Print.

M. Bonogofsky. ‘“A Bioarchaeological Study of Plastered Skulls from Anatolia: New Discoveries and Interpretations” [in] International Journal of Osteoarchaeology’. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 15.2 (2005): 124–135. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.749/abstract>.

M. Porr and K. W. Alt. ‘“The Burial of Bad Dürrenberg, Central Germany: Osteopathology and Osteoarchaeology of a Late Mesolithic Shaman’s Grave” [in] International Journal of Osteoarchaeology’. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 16.5 (2006): 395–406. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.839/abstract>.

MacCormack, Geoffrey. ‘“Reciprocity” [in] Man’. Man 11.1 (1976): 89–103. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2800390>.

MacLeod, William Christie. ‘“Certain Mortuary Aspects of Northwest Coast Culture” [in] American Anthropologist’. American Anthropologist 27.1 (1925): 122–148. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/661504>.

Maher et al, Lisa A. ‘“A Unique Human-Fox Burial from a Pre-Natufian Cemetery in the Levant (Jordan)” [in] PLoS ONE’. PLoS ONE 6.1 (2011): n. pag. Web. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027631/>.

Marcel Mauss. The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. London: Routledge, 1990. Print.

Marshack, Alexander. ‘“Evolution of the Human Capacity: The Symbolic Evidence” [in] American Journal of Physical Anthropology’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 32.S10 (1989): 1–34. Web. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1330320503/abstract>.

Martin Carver. ‘“Kingship and Material Culture in Early Anglo-Saxon East Anglia” [in] The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms’. The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. Studies in the early history of Britain. London: Leicester University Press, 1989. 141–158. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=d0849519-77c4-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“Reflections on the Meanings of Monumental Barrows in Anglo-Saxon England” [in] Burial in Early Medieval England and Wales’. Burial in Early Medieval England and Wales. Monograph series/Society for Medieval Archaeology. London: Society for Medieval Archaeology, 2002. 132–143. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1a5d9ec0-bbc3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Martin Carver and Angela Care Evans. Sutton Hoo: A Seventh-Century Princely Burial Ground and Its Context. Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London. London: British Museum Press, 2005. Print.

Martin Carver (ed.). The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1992. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=c3b18976-5172-4028-ba6e-df9279de1915%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=16567&db=nlebk>.

Maurice Bloch. ‘“Tombs and States” [in] Mortality and Immortality’. Mortality and Immortality. London: Academic Press, 1981. 137–147. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=708a3e30-fcc2-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Mays, Simon. ‘“The Osteology of Monasticism in Medieval England” [in] The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains’. The Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains (2006): 179–189. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr7mc.17?refreqid=excelsior%3Ac241aaa4c0d92bf4f41a380e68353ec2&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Melton et al, Nigel. ‘“Gristhorpe Man: An Early Bronze Age Log-Coffin Burial Scientifically Defined” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 84.325 (2010): 796–815. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/gristhorpe-man-an-early-bronze-age-logcoffin-burial-scientifically-defined/3F0A3F55ED92061F9267836FFCB80EBE>.

Metcalf, Peter, and Richard Huntington. Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/books/celebrations-of-death/A626F28885180EEFE48E6CEE6F603BD2>.

Michael Dietler. ‘“Driven by Drink: The Role of Drinking in the Political Economy and the Case of Early Iron Age France” [in] Journal of Anthropological Archaeology’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9.4 (1990): 352–406. Web. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0278416590900112>.

---. ‘“Feasts and Commensal Politics in the Political Economy: Food, Power and Status in Prehistoric Europe” [in] Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective’. Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Providence [RI]: Berghahn Books, 1996. 87–125. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=bc6c6e4b-7cc4-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Michael Dietler and Brian Hayden (eds). Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics and Power. Smithsonian series in archaeological inquiry. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001. Print.

Michael Parker Pearson. The Archaeology of Death and Burial. Stroud: Sutton, 1999. Print.

Mike Parker Pearson and Ramilisonina. ‘“Stonehenge for the Ancestors: The Stones Pass on the Message” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 72.276 (1998): 308–326. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/stonehenge-for-the-ancestors-the-stones-pass-on-the-message/F784FCD4FE7A68816EF4B7AB491A1E93>.

Mike Parker-Pearson, Robert Van de Noort, and Alex Woolf. ‘“Three Men and a Boat: Sutton Hoo and the East Saxon Kingdom” [in] Anglo-Saxon England’. Anglo-Saxon England 22 (1993): 27–50. Web. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/three-men-and-a-boat-sutton-hoo-and-the-east-saxon-kingdom/DEE10B52982A3722252622D4B194E62E>.

Mills, Barbara J. ‘“The Establishment and Defeat of Hierarchy: Inalienable Possessions and the History of Collective Prestige Structures in the Pueblo Southwest” [in] American Anthropologist’. American Anthropologist 106.2 (2004): 238–251. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3566961>.

Moreland, John, and Robert Van de Noort. ‘“Integration and Social Reproduction in the Carolingian Empire” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 23.3 (1992): 320–334. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124766>.

Morris, Ian. Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity. Key Themes in Ancient History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deathritual-and-social-structure-in-classical-antiquity/72174A68AFB5CC581794A6297E4157AF>.

Morton H. Fried. The Evolution of Political Society: An Essay in Political Anthropology. New York: Random House, 1967. Print.

Nadel, Dani. ‘“Levantine Upper Palaeolithic-Early Epipalaeolithic Burial Customs: Ohalo II as a Case Study” [in] Paléorient’. Paléorient 20.1 (1994): 113–121. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41492570>.

Nash, Daphne. ‘“Reconstructing Poseidonios” Celtic Ethnography: Some Considerations’ [in] Britannia’. Britannia 7 (1976): 111–126. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/525767>.

Needham, Stuart. ‘“Transforming Beaker Culture in North-West Europe; Processes of Fusion and Fission” [in] Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society’. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71 (2005): 171–217. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/transforming-beaker-culture-in-northwest-europe-processes-of-fusion-and-fission/9AB4E0D6C3DA08260C603F3F2FD2F9ED>.

Niblett, Rosalind. ‘“A Catuvellaunian Chieftain’s Burial from St Albans” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 66.253 (1992): 917–929. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/catuvellaunian-chieftains-burial-from-st-albans/30BA2D885C82217BAB6C35A6D8A0AE7A>.

Nicholas Thomas and Caroline Humphrey (eds). Shamanism, History, and the State. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press, 1996. Print.

Nigel Barley. Dancing on the Grave: Encounters with Death. London: John Murray, 1995. Print.

O. Bar-Yosef et al. ‘“The Excavations in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel (and Comments and Replies)” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 33.5 (1992): 497–550. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743915>.

Olivier, Laurent. ‘“The Tomb of Hochdorf (Baden-Wurttemberg): Some Comments of the Nature of Archaeological Funerary Material” [in] Archaeological Reviews from Cambridge’. Archaeological Reviews from Cambridge 11.1 (1992): 51–63. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=91c4d28e-f7d8-e611-80c9-005056af4099>.

Orschiedt et al., J. ‘“Survival of a Multiple Skull Trauma: The Case of an Early Neolithic Individual from the LBK Enclosure at Herxheim (Southwest Germany)” [in] International Journal of Osteoarchaeology’. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 13.6 (2003): 375–383. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oa.704/abstract>.

O’Shea, J. ‘“Mortuary Custom in the Bronze Age of Southeastern Hungary” [in] Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis’. Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. 125–145. Print.

O’Shea, John M. Mortuary Variability: An Archaeological Investigation. Studies in archaeology. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press, 1984. Print.

Pader, Ellen-Jane. ‘“Material Symbolism and Social Relations in Mortuary Studies” [in] Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries 1979: The Fourth Anglo-Saxon Symposium at Oxford’. Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries 1979: The Fourth Anglo-Saxon Symposium at Oxford. British Archaeological reports. Oxford: B.A.R., 1980. 143–159. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=88b10a36-39c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Pare, Christopher. ‘“From Dupljaja to Delphi: The Ceremonial Use of the Wagon in Later Prehistory” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 63.238 (1989): 80–100. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/from-dupljaja-to-delphi-the-ceremonial-use-of-the-wagon-in-later-prehistory/EB66D4515C6506844F87341DE41C39E0>.

Parker-Pearson et al, Mike. ‘“The Age of Stonehenge” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 81.313 (2007): 617–639. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/age-of-stonehenge/9E5F246F9E76739D6BF5E0758B462481>.

---. ‘“Who Was Buried at Stonehenge?” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 83.319 (2009): 23–39. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/who-was-buried-at-stonehenge/D9CAFA3FEBB667DF0F9B61E97C81FC39>.

Parker-Pearson, Michael and I. J. Thorpe (eds). Warfare, Violence and Slavery in Prehistory: Proceedings of a Prehistoric Society Conference at Sheffield University. BAR international series. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2005. Print.

Parker-Pearson, Mike. ‘“Food, Sex and Death: Cosmologies in the British Iron Age with Particular Reference to East Yorkshire” [in] Cambridge Archaeological Journal’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9.1 (1999): 43–69. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/food-sex-and-death-cosmologies-in-the-british-iron-age-with-particular-reference-to-east-yorkshire/A4F71EBB31C0A50846C8BA9CA69FC226>.

---. ‘“Placing the Physical and the Incorporeal Dead: Stonehenge and Changing Concepts of Ancestral Space in Neolithic Britain” [in] Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association’. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 11.1 (2002): 145–160. Web. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/ap3a.2002.11.1.145/full>.

---. The Archaeology of Death and Burial. Stroud: Sutton, 1999. Print.

---. ‘“The Powerful Dead: Archaeological Relationships Between the Living and the Dead” [in] Cambridge Archaeological Journal’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 3.2 (1993): 203–229. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/powerful-dead-archaeological-relationships-between-the-living-and-the-dead/E32BD9EFC07AE2F776002722AF29A1E9>.

Patrick J. Geary. The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002. Print.

Pauketat, Timothy R. Chiefdoms and Other Archaeological Delusions. Issues in Eastern Woodlands archaeology. Lanham: AltaMira Press, 2007. Print.

Paul Binski. Medieval Death: Ritual and Representation. London: British Museum Press, 1996. Print.

Paul Budd and Timothy Taylor. ‘“The Faerie Smith Meets the Bronze Industry: Magic Versus Science in the Interpretation of Prehistoric Metal-Making” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 27.1 (1995): 133–143. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124782>.

Pauline Wilson Wiessner and Wulf Schiefenhövel (eds). Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Providence [RI]: Berghahn Books, 1998. Print.

Peebles, Christopher S., and Susan M. Kus. ‘“Some Archaeological Correlates of Ranked Societies” [in] American Antiquity’. American Antiquity 42.3 (1977): 421–448. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/279066>.

Peregrine, Peter. ‘“Some Political Aspects of Craft Specialization” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 23.1 (1991): 1–11. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124725>.

Peter Andrews, Theya Molleson, Basak Boz. ‘“The Human Burials at Çatalhöyük” [in] Inhabiting Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 1995-99 Seasons’. Inhabiting Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 1995-99 Seasons. Çatalhöyük research project. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2005. 261–278. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=3b49354b-f0c2-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Peter Metcalf and Richard Huntington. Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Print.

Pettitt, Paul B. ‘“The Living Dead and the Dead Living: Burials, Figurines and Social Performance in the European Mid Upper Palaeolithic” [in] Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains’. Ed. Rebecca Gowland and C J Knusel. Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains (2006): 292–308. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr7mc.24?refreqid=excelsior%3Ae8e17264451ddb722fab1090260d3f2e&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents>.

Philip A. Rahtz, Tania M. Dickinson, and Lorna Watts (eds). Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries 1979: The Fourth Anglo-Saxon Symposium at Oxford. British Archaeological reports. Oxford: B.A.R., 1980. Print.

Philip Drucker. ‘“Rank, Wealth, and Kinship in Northwest Coast Society” [in] American Anthropologist’. American Anthropologist 41.1 (1939): 55–65. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/661722>.

Philippe Ariès. The Hour of Our Death. New York: Vintage, 1981. Print.

Price, T. Douglas, and Gary M. Feinman. Foundations of Social Inequality. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. Print.

---. Foundations of Social Inequality. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. Print.

R. Chapman. ‘“Mortuary Practices: Society, Theory Building and Archaeology” [in] Death, Decay and Reconstruction: Approaches to Archaeology and Forensic Science’. Death, Decay and Reconstruction: Approaches to Archaeology and Forensic Science. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987. 198–213. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=20e2ec53-bfc3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Randsborg (ed.), Klavs. The Birth of Europe: Archaeology and Social Development in the First Millennium A.D. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 1989. Print.

Randsborg, Klavs. ‘Social Dimensions of Early Neolithic Denmark’. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 41 (1975): 105–118. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?qurl=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/social-dimensions-of-early-neolithic-denmark/5F3FE32F425A2385D89A69570009068A>.

Rebecca Gowland and Christopher Knüsel (eds). Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxford: Oxbow, 2006. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr7mc>.

---. Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains. Oxford: Oxbow, 2006. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cfr7mc>.

Redman et al. (eds), Charles L. Social Archaeology: Beyond Subsistence and Dating. Studies in archaeology. New York: Academic Press, 1978. Print.

Renfrew, Colin. ‘“Monuments, Mobilization and Social Organization in Neolithic Wessex” [in] The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory’. The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory. London: Duckworth, 1973. 539–558. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=3d82bbd6-3ac5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Richard Bradley. ‘“The Destruction of Wealth in Later Prehistory” [in] Man’. Man 17.1 (1982): 108–122. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2802104>.

---. ‘“The Pattern of Change in British Prehistory” [in] Chiefdoms: Power, Economy and Ideology’. Chiefdoms: Power, Economy and Ideology. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 44–70. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=c2abc0b4-fcd8-e611-80c9-005056af4099>.

---. The Social Foundations of Prehistoric Britain: Themes and Variations in the Archaeology of Power. Longman archaeology series. London: Longman, 1984. Print.

---. ‘“Time Regained: The Creation of Continuity” [in] Journal of the British Archaeological Association’. Journal of the British Archaeological Association 140.1 (1987): 1–17. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/jba.1987.140.1.1>.

Richard G. Klein. The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. Print.

Richter et al, Tobias. ‘’New Light on Final Pleistocene Settlement Diversity in the Azraq Basin (Jordan): Recent Excavations At “Ayn Qasiyya” [in] Paléorient’. Paléorient 35.2 (2009): 49–68. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41496868>.

Rick J. Schulting and Linda Fibiger. Sticks, Stones, and Broken Bones: Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199573066.001.0001/acprof-9780199573066>.

Rick J. Schulting and Michael P. Richards. ‘“Dating Women and Becoming Farmers: New Palaeodietary and AMS Dating Evidence from the Breton Mesolithic Cemeteries of Téviec and Hoëdic” [in] Journal of Anthropological Archaeology’. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20.3 (2001): 314–344. Web. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416500903702>.

Rick J. Schulting and Michael Wysocki. ‘“‘In This Chambered Tumulus Were Found Cleft Skulls…’: An Assessment of the Evidence for Cranial Trauma in the British Neolithic” [in] Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society’. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71 (2005): 107–138. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/in-this-chambered-tumulus-were-found-cleft-skulls-an-assessment-of-the-evidence-for-cranial-trauma-in-the-british-neolithic/9628F202C7972275C114E997F81DB38E>.

Robb et al, John. ‘“Social ‘Status’ and Biological ‘Status’: A Comparison of Grave Goods and Skeletal Indicators from Pontecagnano” [in] American Journal of Physical Anthropology’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 115.3 (2001): 213–222. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1076/abstract>.

Robb, John E. ‘“The Archaeology of Symbols” [in] Annual Review of Anthropology’. Annual Review of Anthropology 27 (1998): 329–346. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/223374>.

Robert A. Dodgson. ‘’Modelling Chiefdoms in the Scottish Highlands Prior to the “45” [in] Celtic Chiefdom, Celtic State: The Evolution of Complex Social Systems in Prehistoric Europe’. Celtic Chiefdom, Celtic State: The Evolution of Complex Social Systems in Prehistoric Europe. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 99–109. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=2954d3ce-6cc4-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Robert Baldwin. ‘“Intrusive Burial Groups in the Late Roman Cemetery at Lankhills, Winchester” [in] Oxford Journal of Archaeology’. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 4.1 (1985): 93–104. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1985.tb00233.x/abstract>.

Robert Chapman, Ian Kinnes, and Klavs Randsborg (eds). The Archaeology of Death. New directions in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Print.

Robert L. Carneiro. ‘“A Theory of the Origin of the State” [in] Science’. Science 169.3947 (1970): 733–738. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1729765>.

Robert Philpott. Burial Practices in Roman Britain: A Survey of Grave Treatment and Furnishing AD 43-410. British Archaeological Reports. Oxford: B.A.R., 1991. Print.

Roberta Gilchrist and Barney Sloane. Requiem: The Medieval Monastic Cemetery in Britain. London: Museum of London Archaeology Service, 2005. Print.

Roksandic et al., Mirjana. ‘“Interpersonal Violence at Lepenski Vir Mesolithic/Neolithic Complex of the Iron Gates Gorge (Serbia-Romania)” [in] American Journal of Physical Anthropology’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129.3 (2006): 339–348. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20286/abstract>.

Rollefson, Gary O., Alan H. Simmons, and Zeidan Kafafi. ‘’Neolithic Cultures at “Ain Ghazal, Jordan” [in] Journal of Field Archaeology’. Journal of Field Archaeology 19.4 (1992): 443–470. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/530427>.

Rosman, Abraham, and Paula G. Rubel. ‘“Structural Patterning in Kwakiutl Art and Ritual” [in] Man’. Man 25.4 (1990): 620–639. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2803657>.

Rothschild, Nan. A. ‘“Mortuary Behavior and Social Organization at Indian Knoll and Dickson Mounds” [in] American Antiquity’. American Antiquity 44.4 (1979): 658–675. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/279105>.

Roy L. Carlson. ‘“Sacred Sites on the Northwest Coast of North America” [in] Bog Bodies, Sacred Sites and Wetland Archaeology’. Bog Bodies, Sacred Sites and Wetland Archaeology. Occasional papers/Wetland Archaeology Research Project. Exeter: Wetland Archaeology Research Project, Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, 1999. 39–46. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=b8756e2f-b5c3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Ruby, Pascal. ‘’Iron Age Greece and the Meanings of "Princely Tombs’ [in] Les Princes de La Protohistoire et l’Émergence de l’État.’ Les Princes de La Protohistoire et l’Émergence de l’État. Naples: Jean Bérard Center Publications, 1999, 1994. 57–80. Web. <https://books.openedition.org/pcjb/289>.

S. C. Humphreys and Helen King (eds). Mortality and Immortality. London: Academic Press, 1981. Print.

Sabrina C. Agarwal and Bonnie A. Glencross (eds). Social Bioarchaeology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Print.

Sahlins, Marshall David. Tribesmen. Foundations of modern anthropology series. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968. Print.

Sally Crawford. ‘“Children, Death and the Afterlife in Anglo-Saxon England” [in] Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History’. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 6 (1993): 83–91. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=f54a3270-66c4-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Sally R. Binford. ‘“A Structural Comparison of Disposal of the Dead in the Mousterian and the Upper Paleolithic” [in] Southwestern Journal of Anthropology’. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 24.2 (1968): 139–154. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3629419>.

Sam Lucy. The Anglo-Saxon Way of Death: Burial Rites in Early England. Stroud: Sutton, 2000. Print.

Saxe, Arthur A. ‘“Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices in a Mesolithic Population from Wadi Halfa, Sudan” [in] Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology’. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology 25 (1971): 39–57. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25146711>.

Schulting, Rick J. ‘“Antlers, Bone Pins and Flint Blades: The Mesolithic Cemeteries of Téviec and Hoëdic, Brittany” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 70.268 (1996): 335–350. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/antlers-bone-pins-and-flint-blades-the-mesolithic-cemeteries-of-teviec-and-hoedic-brittany/4F4F6E962C45AF6C1E4A933B1AA9655E>.

Service, Elman R. Primitive Social Organization: An Evolutionary Perspective. 2d ed. Studies in anthropology. New York: Random House, 1971. Print.

---. The Hunters. Foundations of modern anthropology series. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Print.

Shennan, Susan. ‘“The Social Organization at Branč” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 49.196 (1975): 279–288. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/social-organization-at-branc/7B166FACF610A9791C6192C86CF1756B>.

Sherratt, Andrew. ‘“The Genesis of Megaliths: Monumentality, Ethnicity and Social Complexity in Neolithic North-West Europe” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 22.2 (1990): 147–167. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124873>.

Simon Davis and Sebastian Payne. ‘“A Barrow Full of Cattle Skulls” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 67.254 (1993): 12–22. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/barrow-full-of-cattle-skulls/BF9F772CAA22FF63E409F03DEBB3D75E>.

Smith, Daniel Jordan. ‘“Burials and Belonging in Nigeria: Rural-Urban Relations and Social Inequality in a Contemporary African Ritual” [in] American Anthropologist’. American Anthropologist 106.3 (2004): 569–579. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3567620>.

Smith, Martin. ‘“Bones Chewed by Canids as Evidence for Human Excarnation: A British Case Study” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 80.309 (2006): 671–685. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/bones-chewed-by-canids-as-evidence-for-human-excarnation-a-british-case-study/CD14185537BBC685F28CF9B2F6CBD3A2>.

Solecki, Ralph S. ‘“The Implications of the Shanidar Cave Neanderthal Flower Burial” [in] Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences’. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 293.1 Anthropology (1977): 114–124. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41808.x/abstract>.

Sommer, Jeffrey D. ‘“The Shanidar IV ‘Flower Burial’: A Re-Evaluation of Neanderthal Burial Ritual” [in] Cambridge Archaeological Journal’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9.1 (1999): n. pag. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/shanidar-iv-flower-burial-a-reevaluation-of-neanderthal-burial-ritual/C28BB4644C55E12ED64819A260A5055D>.

Speake, George. A Saxon Bed Burial on Swallowcliffe Down. Archaeological Reports/Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England. London: English Heritage, 1989. Print.

Stead, Ian Mathieson. Iron Age Cemeteries in East Yorkshire: Excavations at Burton Fleming, Rudston, Garton-on-the-Wolds and Kirkburn. Archaeological Reports/Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England. London: English Heritage in association with British Museum Press, 1991. Print.

Steven Bassett (ed.). The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. Studies in the Early History of Britain. London: Leicester University Press, 1989. Print.

Stig-Sørensen, Marie Louise. ‘“Reading Dress: The Construction of Social Categories and Identities in Bronze Age Europe” [in] Journal of European Archaeology’. Journal of European Archaeology 5.1 (1997): 93–114. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=9ed42ddb-f0d8-e611-80c9-005056af4099>.

Stoodley, Nick. ‘“From the Cradle to the Grave: Age Organization and the Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Rite” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 31.3 (2000): 456–472. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/125112>.

Stordeur et al., Danielle. ‘“L’aire Funeraire de Tell Aswad (PPNB)” [in] Syria’. Syria 83 (2006): 39–62. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/40649379>.

Strathern (ed.), Andrew. Ongka: A Self-Account by a New Guinea Big-Man. London: Duckworth, 1978. Print.

Stuart Needham, Andrew J. Lawson, and Ann Woodward. ‘“‘A Noble Group of Barrows’: Bush Barrow and the Normanton Down Early Bronze Age Cemetery Two Centuries On” [in] The Antiquaries Journal’. The Antiquaries Journal 90 (2010): 1–39. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquaries-journal/article/noble-group-of-barrows-bush-barrow-and-the-normanton-down-early-bronze-age-cemetery-two-centuries-on/888E2EAEB48CD03F181C114B85FFDCDD>.

Suetonius Tranquillus, Caius, and Robert Graves (trans). The Twelve Caesars. Rev. ed. Penguin classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979. Print.

Susan Frankenstein and M. J. Rowlands. ‘“The Internal Structure and Regional Context of Early Iron Age Society in South-Western Germany” [in] Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology’. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, University of London 15 (1978): 73–112. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=99fc5f95-14c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Susan Kus and Victor Raharijaona. ‘“‘To Dare to Wear the Cloak of Another Before Their Very Eyes’: State Co-Optation and Local Re-Appropriation in Mortuary Rituals of Central Madagascar” [in] Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association’. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 10.1 (2001): 114–131. Web. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/ap3a.2001.10.1.114/abstract>.

T. Douglas Price and Gary M. Feinman (eds). Foundations of Social Inequality. Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. New York: Plenum Press, 1995. Print.

T. S. R. Boase. Death in the Middle Ages: Mortality, Judgment and Remembrance. Library of medieval civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 1972. Print.

Tacitus, Cornelius, Harold Mattingly, and Stanley Alexander Handford (eds). The Agricola and The Germania. Rev. ed. Penguin classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970. Print.

Tainter, Joseph A. ‘“Modeling Social Change in Prehistoric Social Systems” [in] For Theory Building in Archaeology: Essays on Faunal Remains, Aquatic Resources, Spatial Analysis and Systemic Modeling’. For Theory Building in Archaeology: Essays on Faunal Remains, Aquatic Resources, Spatial Analysis and Systemic Modeling. Studies in archeology. New York: Academic Press, 1977. 327–351. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6f1f3431-43c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“Mortuary Practices and the Study of Prehistoric Social Systems” [in] Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory’. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 1 (1978): 105–141. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20170131>.

Taylor, Timothy. ‘“Believing the Ancients: Quantitative and Qualitative Dimensions of Slavery and the Slave Trade in Later Prehistoric Eurasia” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 33.1 (2001): 27–43. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/827887>.

Testart, Alain. ‘“Chasse Aux Têtes, Funérailles, Fertilité et Distinction (With Réponse)” [in] Paléorient’. Paléorient 35.1 (2009): 129–136. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41496969>.

---. ‘“Des Crânes et Des Vautours Ou La Guerre Oubliée” [in] Paléorient’. Paléorient 34.1 (2008): 33–58. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41496830>.

Theya Molleson and Margaret Cox. The Spitalfields Project, Vol.2: The Anthropology - The Middling Sort. Research Reports/Council for British Archaeology. London: Council for British Archaeology, 1993. Print.

Thomas, Julian. ‘“Monuments From the Inside: The Case of the Irish Megalithic Tombs” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 22.2 (1990): 168–178. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/124874>.

Tierney, J. J. ‘“The Celtic Ethnography of Posidonius” [in] Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy - Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature’. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy - Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature 60 (1960): 189–275. Web. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/25505088>.

Tillier et al., Anne-Marie. ‘“Les Sepultures Neandertaliennes Du Proche-Orient” [in] Paléorient’. Paléorient 14.2 (1989): 130–136. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41492304>.

Tooker, Elisabeth. ‘“Clans and Moieties in North America” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 12.3 (1971): 357–376. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2741049>.

Tours, Gregory of, and Lewis Thorpe (trans.). The History of the Franks. Penguin classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974. Print.

Treherne, Paul. ‘“The Warrior’s Beauty: The Masculine Body and Self-Identity in Bronze-Age Europe” [in] Journal of European Archaeology’. Journal of European Archaeology 3.1 (1995): 105–144. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/096576695800688269>.

Trexler (ed), Richard C. Persons in Groups: Social Behavior as Identity Formation in Medieval and Renaissance Europe: Papers of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies. Binghamton, N.Y.: Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1985. Print.

Trinkaus, Erik. ‘“Cannibalism and Burial at Krapina” [in] Journal of Human Evolution’. Journal of Human Evolution 14.2 (1985): 203–216. Web. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248485800075>.

Trinkaus et al., Erik. ‘“Dolnı́ Věstonice 15: Pathology and Persistence in the Pavlovian” [in] Journal of Archaeological Science’. Journal of Archaeological Science 28.12 (2001): 1291–1308. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440301906788>.

---. ‘“Human Remains from the Moravian Gravettian: Morphology and Taphonomy of Isolated Elements from the Dolnı́ Věstonice II Site” [in] Journal of Archaeological Science’. Journal of Archaeological Science 27.12 (2000): 1115–1132. Web. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440399905010>.

Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. The Lewis Henry Morgan lectures. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1995. Print.

Ucko, Peter J. ‘“Ethnography and Archaeological Interpretation of Funerary Remains” [in] World Archaeology’. World Archaeology 1.2 (1969): 262–280. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/123966>.

V. Gordon Childe. ‘“Directional Changes in Funerary Practices During 50,000 Years” [in] Man’. Man 45 (1945): 13–19. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2793007>.

van de Noort, Robert. ‘“The Context of Early Medieval Barrows in Western Europe” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 67.254 (1993): 66–73. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/context-of-early-medieval-barrows-in-western-europe/62064C23E3C986950F32041B39DFB810>.

van de Velde, Pieter. ‘The Social Anthropology of a Neolithic Cemetery in the Netherlands (and Comments and Reply) [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 20.1 (1979): 37–58. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2741860>.

van Gennep, Arnold. The Rites of Passage. London: Routledge & K.Paul, 1960. Print.

Vayda (ed.), Andrew P. Environment and Cultural Behaviour: Ecological Studies in Cultural Anthropology. American museum sourcebooks in Anthropology. New York: Natural History Press, 1969. Print.

Vincenzo Formicola, Antonella Pontrandolfi, and Jiří Svoboda. ‘“The Upper Paleolithic Triple Burial of Dolni Vestonice: Pathology and Funerary Behavior” [in] American Journal of Physical Anthropology’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 115.4 (2001): 372–379. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1093/abstract>.

Vitebsky, Piers. The Shaman: Voyages of the Soul, Trance, Ecstasy and Healing from Siberia to the Amazon. London: Duncan Baird Publishers, 1995. Print.

Wait, Gerald A. Ritual and Religion in Iron Age Britain. British archaeological reports. Oxford: B.A.R., 2AD. Print.

Wason, Paul K. The Archaeology of Rank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Web. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/archaeology-of-rank/FCDC143C3A8169574F7AFD8ACB109AB2>.

Weiss-Krejci, Estella. ‘“Excarnation, Evisceration and Exhumation in Medieval and Post-Medieval Europe” [in] Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary Archaeology for the New Millennium’. Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary Archaeology for the New Millennium. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005. 155–172. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=8c99e32f-46c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“Mortuary Representations of the Noble House: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Collective Tombs of the Ancient Maya and Dynastic Europe” [in] Journal of Social Archaeology’. Journal of Social Archaeology 4.3 (2004): 368–404. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://jsa.sagepub.com/content/4/3/368.abstract>.

---. ‘“Restless Corpses: ‘Secondary Burial’ in the Babenberg and Habsburg Dynasties” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 75.290 (2001): 769–780. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/restless-corpses-secondary-burial-in-the-babenberg-and-habsburg-dynasties/936D82FB1CBAB23F36656ED97629770D>.

Werner, Joachim. ‘“Frankish Royal Tombs in the Cathedrals of Cologne and Saint-Denis” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 38.151 (1964): 201–216. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/frankish-royal-tombs-in-the-cathedrals-of-cologne-and-saintdenis/D3BBEECD15EA70CE065F489E4D814A41>.

Whimster, Rowan. Burial Practices in Iron Age Britain: A Discussion and Gazetteer of the Evidence c.700 BC-AD 43. British Archaeological Reports. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1981. Print.

---. ‘“Iron Age Burial in Southern Britain” [in] Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society’. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 43 (1977): 317–327. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/iron-age-burial-in-southern-britain/D617DE25F4F6814D343B498B3DC21631>.

Whitley, James. ‘“Objects With Attitude: Biographical Facts and Fallacies in the Study of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Warrior Graves” [in] Cambridge Archaeological Journal’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 12.2 (2002): 217–232. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-archaeological-journal/article/objects-with-attitude-biographical-facts-and-fallacies-in-the-study-of-late-bronze-age-and-early-iron-age-warrior-graves/87A3A94A55448C9FBE76949519608D59>.

---. ‘“Too Many Ancestors” [in] Antiquity’. Antiquity 76.291 (2002): 119–126. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/too-many-ancestors/E79089985C8F84FCF61E34EF855E3817>.

Wiessner, Polly. ‘“The Vines of Complexity: Egalitarian Structures and the Institutionalization of Inequality Among the Enga” [in] Current Anthropology’. Current Anthropology 43.2 (2002): 233–269. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/338301>.

William O. Frazer and Andrew Tyrrell (eds). Social Identity in Early Medieval Britain. London: Continuum Press, 2000. Web. <https://exeter.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma991000677009707446&context=L&vid=44UOEX_INST:default>.

William T. Sanders and David Webster. ‘“Unilinealism, Multilinealism and the Evolution of Complex Societies” [in] Social Archaeology: Beyond Subsistence and Dating’. Social Archaeology: Beyond Subsistence and Dating. Studies in archaeology. New York: Academic Press, 1978. 249–302. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=700bea78-3fc5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Williams, Howard. ‘“An Ideology of Transformation: Cremation Rites and Animal Sacrifice in Early Anglo-Saxon England” [in] The Archaeology of Shamanism’. The Archaeology of Shamanism. London: Routledge, 2001. 193–212. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=04686599-47c5-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

---. ‘“Ancient Landscapes and the Dead: The Reuse of Prehistoric and Roman Monuments as Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Sites” [in] Medieval Archaeology’. Medieval Archaeology 1997 : 1–32. Web. <http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-769-1/dissemination/pdf/vol41/41_001_032.pdf>.

Williams, Walter L. The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture. Boston, Mass: Beacon Press, 1992. Print.

Wilson, C. E. ‘“Burials Within Settlements in Southern Britain During the Pre-Roman Iron Age” [in] Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology’. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology 18 (1981): 127–170. Web. <https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=1c0b9b6e-6cd3-e611-80c7-005056af4099>.

Winkelman, Michael James. ‘“Shamans and Other ‘Magico-Religious’ Healers: A Cross-Cultural Study of Their Origins, Nature, and Social Transformations” [in] Ethos’. Ethos 18.3 (1990): 308–352. Web. <https://uoelibrary.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/640339>.

Bibliography for ARCM412 BETA